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早在三十年代,已知染色体具有高度的放射敏感性,其畸变率与吸收剂量之间有密切关系。1962年Bender用离体照射人血淋巴细胞,首次建立畸变率与吸收剂量的刻度曲线。当1次大剂量X线或γ线全身照射后,观察染色体畸变是一个很有实用价值的指标,称之为“生物剂量仪”。目前,辐射细胞遗传学研究的进展,使在怀疑受到不均匀照射的情况下,用染色体畸变这个剂量计作生物剂量测定,可有助于更全面了解受照射的真实倩况。我室曾诊治1例意外受照所致急性放射性复合伤的病人。研究这类属局部照射和先前照射(Old exposure)临床病例的染色体畸变,进而估算其生物剂量,既具有理论意义,又有临床诊断的实用
As early as the thirties, the chromosomes were known to have a high degree of radiosensitivity, and there was a close relationship between the rate of distortion and the absorbed dose. In 1962 Bender used human blood lymphocytes to irradiate human blood lymphocytes and established the calibration curve of the rate of distortion and absorbed dose for the first time. When a large dose of X-ray or γ-ray irradiation is performed on a whole body, observation of chromosomal aberrations is a very useful indicator. It is called a “biological dosimeter.” At present, advances in radiation cytogenetics have made it possible to use a chromosomal aberration dosimetry as a biological dosimetry when suspected to be subject to uneven radiation, which can help to gain a more complete understanding of the real situation of exposure. Our patient had diagnosed and treated 1 patient with acute radiation-induced composite injury caused by accidental exposure. Studying the chromosomal aberrations in clinical cases of local exposure and previous exposure, and then estimating the biological dose, is of theoretical significance as well as practical clinical diagnosis.