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自主创新现在不仅是一项国策,也成为企业生存发展的根本,机床行业作为装备制造业的一个重要组成部分,它的振兴及产业安全越来越被认知,创新的意义不言而喻。国家对装备制造的关注和支持也从未减弱过,最近更是将其提到极为重要的位置,在刚刚公布的2006年机床工具行业十大新闻中,有七条无不与国家关注相关。但令人遗憾的是,机床行业最现实的是消化吸收再创新,还远没到原始创新的时候。美国首台数控机床的诞生与我国的生产时间几乎在同一个年代,但现在广泛使用的加工中心、FMS、并联机床等却都是由他们发明出来的。研究美国原创性创新的历程,不难发现,他们之所以会有这些新品种机床的出现,是与产业的推动,与他们为产业的配套分不开的。此外,机床行业原创性的自主创新,还与建立以企业为主体的创新体系密切相关,美国政府虽然对机床企业有多方面的支持,包括制订科研课题计划、提供经费、组织引导合作以及组织订货推广使用等。但不管政府支持的程度如何,他们并非创新体系的主导,也不涉及利益的分配和风险的承担,创新体系最终的载体是企业。因此,纵观我国的机床行业,现存的11个国家级技术中心,有多少是由企业自有资金在运作,则值得我们思考。
Independent innovation is not only a national policy nowadays, but also a fundamental part of an enterprise’s survival and development. As an important component of the equipment manufacturing industry, its revitalization and industrial safety are becoming more and more recognized and innovative. The concern and support for equipment manufacturing in the country has never been weakened. Recently, it has been mentioned in a very important position. Of the 10 major news in the machine tool industry 2006 that has just been released, seven are all related to national concerns. However, it is regrettable that the machine tool industry is the most realistic digestion and absorption of innovation, far from the time of the original innovation. The birth of the first CNC machine tool in the United States is almost at the same time as the production time of our country. However, the widely used machining centers, FMS and parallel machine tools are invented by them. It is not hard to find out the course of the American original innovation that the reason why they will have these new varieties of machine tools is that they are promoted with the industry and they are inseparable from the industry. In addition, the original independent innovation in the machine tool industry is closely related to the establishment of an enterprise-centered innovation system. Although the U.S. government supports the machine tool enterprises in many aspects, including formulating research projects, providing funding, organizing and guiding cooperation, and organizing orders Promotion and so on. However, regardless of the level of government support, they are not the dominant innovation system, nor the distribution of interests and risk commitment, the ultimate carrier of innovation system is the enterprise. Therefore, looking at China’s machine tool industry, the existing 11 state-level technology centers, how much is owned by the company’s own funds in operation, it is worth our consideration.