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目的了解深圳市南山区中小学生骨折的流行特征,实施预防骨折健康教育等干预措施,改善中小学生对骨折知识行为的认知,降低目标学校中小学生骨折伤害的发生。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取深圳市南山区2所中学454名中学生为骨折调查对象,通过“深圳市中小学生骨折调查问卷”开展调查;采用整群抽样的方法,抽取深圳市南山区3所中小学263名中小学生为骨折干预对象,通过骨折防控健康教育和校园环境评估等方式进行干预,采用χ~2检验比较骨折干预前后问卷调查回答正确率的差异,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果在过去1年里,454名深圳市南山区中学生的骨折发生率为6.2%,15.2%学生能够完全正确判断是否骨折,21.6%学生具备充足的预防骨折安全意识,采用骨折知识教育进行骨折干预,83.3%相关骨折知识、态度和行为题目的回答正确性干预后明显高于干预前,前后比较差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论深圳市南山区中小学生骨折发生率较高,学生的骨折知识不足,预防骨折的意识和行为有待于提高,监测点学校开展预防骨折健康教育课是一种效果明显的干预方式。
Objective To understand the prevalence of primary and secondary fracture in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City and to implement interventions such as prevention of fracture health education so as to improve primary and secondary students’ cognition of fracture and knowledge behavior and reduce the incidence of fracture injury in primary and secondary school students. Methods A total of 454 middle school students from 2 middle schools in Nanshan District of Shenzhen were selected as the subjects of the fracture survey by multi-stage stratified stratified random cluster sampling method. The questionnaire of primary and secondary school students in Shenzhen was used to carry out the investigation. The method of cluster sampling , 263 primary and middle school students from 3 primary and secondary schools in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City were selected as interventions for fracture intervention. The prevention and control of health education through fracture and campus environmental assessment were used to intervene. The difference of accuracy of questionnaire survey before and after fracture intervention was compared by χ ~ 2 test , P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results In the past year, 454 students in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City had a fracture rate of 6.2%. 15.2% of the students were able to correctly judge whether they were fractured or not, 21.6% of them had adequate safety awareness in preventing fractures, and fracture therapy was used for fracture intervention , 83.3% of the fracture-related knowledge, attitude and behavior of the correctness of the questionnaire after intervention was significantly higher than before intervention, before and after the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions The incidence of fracture in primary and secondary school students in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City is high, the knowledge of fractures of students is not enough and the awareness and behavior of prevention of fractures need to be improved. Prevention of fracture health education classes in monitoring schools is an effective way of intervention.