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从上世纪末到本世纪初,不断有拉美国家就领土与海洋划界争端诉诸国际法院。因为是长期被殖民导致的历史遗留问题,法院在判决主权权源建立时绕不开对“保持占有”原则的考察,而在最近的2012年法院对尼加拉瓜诉哥伦比亚领土和海洋争端案最终判决书中,对“保持占有”原则涉及文字篇幅极少,与之前法院判决的拉美领土争端案有很大不同,那么“保持占有原则”如今在领土争端案中的判案效力究竟多大,这是一个值得探究的问题。
From the end of the last century to the beginning of this century, there have been continuously Latin American countries appealing to the International Court of Justice on the territorial and maritime delimitation disputes. Because it is a long-term colonial-caused issue of historical legacy, the courts can not bypass the principle of “possession” when deciding on the establishment of the sovereign right. In the recent case of Nicaragua v. Colombia Territory and Maritime Dispute in Nicaragua in 2012 In the verdict, the principle of “keeping possession” involves very few words, which is very different from the previous Territorial dispute in Latin America. Therefore, “the principle of possession” is how effective the adjudication is now in territorial disputes. How big, this is a question worth exploring.