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目的比较中小学生中甲型H1N1流感确诊患者与健康者在个人卫生习惯、体育活动情况、搭乘交通工具情况、疫苗接种、预防性服药等方面的差异,通过病例对照研究,探讨其可能的感染因素。方法随机抽取密云县5所中、小学校的50例甲流确诊病例,并采用1∶2匹配从病例所在班级抽取100名对照组学生,进行问卷调查,调查内容包括个人一般情况、在校情况、卫生习惯、体育活动情况、搭乘交通工具、疫苗接种、预防性服药、病例接触情况等。采用logistic回归分析甲型H1N1流感感染的影响因素。结果调查甲型H1N1流感患者50例,对照100例。其中病例组男性34例,女性16例,对照组男性69例,女性31例,2组性别、年龄差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单因素logistic回归分析结果显示中小学生感染甲型H1N1流感与个人课间活动范围大小(OR=0.570)、打喷嚏后是否立即洗手(OR=0.333)、是否经常用手揉眼睛(OR=3.821)、每日参加体育活动时间长短(OR=0.515)、9月以来所在班级是否出现过甲型H1N1流感病例(OR=83.018)、是否有甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种史(OR=0.024)等因素有关。结论中小学生感染甲型H1N1流感与个人课间活动情况、卫生习惯、体育活动、病例接触史及疫苗接种史密切相关。应当采取管理传染源、切断传播途径、改善个人卫生习惯、加强体育锻炼和接种疫苗等有效措施应对甲型H1N1流感在中小学生当中的传播。
Objective To compare the differences between primary and secondary school students diagnosed with type A H1N1 influenza and their healthy individuals in personal hygiene, physical activity, transportation, vaccination and prophylactic medication. Through case-control study, the possible infection factors . Methods A total of 50 cases of confirmed cases of influenza A in 5 primary and secondary schools in Miyun County were randomly selected and 100 students in the control group were selected from the class where the cases were located by 1: 2 matching. The survey included general conditions, school conditions, Hygiene, physical activity, transport, vaccination, prophylactic medication, and case exposure. Influential factors of Influenza A (H1N1) infection were analyzed by logistic regression. Results A total of 50 patients with influenza A (H1N1) and 100 controls were investigated. There were 34 males and 16 females in the case group, 69 males and 31 females in the control group. There was no significant difference in gender and age between the two groups (P> 0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the size of primary and secondary school students infected with Influenza A (H1N1) and individual activities (OR = 0.570), whether to wash their hands immediately after sneezing (OR = 0.333), and whether they often rubbed their eyes by hand (OR = 3.821) (OR = 0.515), whether there were any cases of Influenza A (H1N1) influenza (OR = 83.018), whether there was a history of influenza A (H1N1) vaccination (OR = 0.024) and other factors . Conclusion Influenza A (H1N1) infection in primary and secondary school students is closely related to individual class activities, hygiene habits, sports activities, history of case exposure and vaccination history. Influenza A (H1N1) influenza should be dealt with among primary and secondary students through effective measures such as managing sources of infection, cutting off the route of transmission, improving personal hygiene habits, and strengthening physical exercise and vaccination.