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目的探讨小儿下呼吸道感染常见病原菌分布及耐药性。方法 2015年4月至2016年6月期间诊治的下呼吸道感染患儿中抽取110例作研究对象,对其痰液标本进行痰培养和药敏试验,分析其病原菌分布和耐药性。结果 (1)本组下呼吸道感染患儿的主要病原菌是肺炎克雷伯菌,其构成比明显高于其余病原菌(P<0.05),其余病原菌按构成比依次如下:大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、流感嗜血杆菌;(2)肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌对庆大霉素、左氧氟沙星、头孢曲松的耐药性较高,对头孢哌酮的耐药性较低。结论小儿下呼吸道感染常见病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,对于临床常用抗菌药物均存在程度不等的耐药性,在实际临床工作中应对病原菌的耐药性进行有效监测,从而合理应用抗菌药物。
Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of common pathogens in children with lower respiratory tract infection. Methods Totally 110 children with lower respiratory tract infection diagnosed and treated from April 2015 to June 2016 were selected as study subjects. Their sputum samples were sputum culture and drug sensitivity test, and their pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance were analyzed. Results (1) The main pathogens in this group of children with lower respiratory tract infection were Klebsiella pneumoniae, its constituent ratio was significantly higher than the other pathogens (P <0.05), the remaining pathogens by composition ratio were as follows: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, coagulase-negative staphylococcus, Haemophilus influenzae; (2) Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli on gentamicin, levofloxacin, ceftriaxone resistance High drug resistance, low resistance to cefoperazone. Conclusion The common pathogens in children with lower respiratory tract infection are Gram-negative bacteria. There are varying degrees of resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents in clinical practice. In clinical practice, the resistance of pathogens should be effectively monitored so that the rational use of antimicrobial agents .