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成語和詞一样,其中有好些带有褒贬的意味,忽略它就会鬧成笑话,甚至要犯很大的錯誤。宋雲彬先生在「詞彙懂得透徹才能用得正確」一文中,提到有人用「含沙射影」來說明鲁迅先生寫作的特點,在这裏用这个成語是完全錯誤的,因为它是比喻暗中害人的。这种錯誤,就是没有弄清楚这个成語的贬斥意义(見本刊1953年12月号)。茅盾先生在中國文学工作者第二次代表大会上指出:「如用『鬼哭狼嚎』一類字样來描寫我们人民在敌人轟炸下的情形……就是完全不能容忍的。」(見「人民文学」1953年11月号)这也是由於沒有弄清楚成語的感情色彩而造成的錯誤。寫作如此,閱讀也一样。不能透徹地理解成語的感情色彩,就很难正確理解作品的内容。
Idioms and words are the same, some of which are better with the meanings of praise, neglect it will make a joke, and even make a big mistake. In his article “Vocabulary Can Be Used Well,” Mr. Song Yunbin mentioned that some people use “shadowy” to illustrate the characteristics of Mr. Lu Xun’s writing. Here, it is completely wrong to use this idiom because it is metaphorically murderous . This mistake is to fail to understand the meaning of this idiom (see Journal of December 1953). Mr. Mao Dun pointed out at the Second Congress of Chinese Literary Workers: “It is totally intolerable to use the words” howling “to describe our people under the enemy’s bombing.” (See People’s Literature 1953 November) This is also due to the failure to understand the emotional color of the idiom. Writing so, reading the same. Without a thorough understanding of the emotional color of an idiom, it is difficult to correctly understand the content of the work.