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港口体制改革必须完全清晰地解决好两个基本问题,一是政府职能从港口企业中彻底脱离,即“政企分开”问题;二是产权的界定,即港口不同投资主体间产权的界定及有机组合问题。笔者认为,这两个问题处理不好,港口体制改革的战略目标也无法确定,适应市场经济的多种经营形式也无法实行。回避这两个基本问题的港口体制变革都不是真正意义上的改革。 关于政企分开 现有体制下的港务局集政府职能、事业、社会机构和企业生产经营于一体,是典型的政企不分。改革的步骤首先是实现现有体制下港务局从其所兼有的港政管理等政府职能中脱离出来,并由国家通过制定《港口法》予以明确。相对于一个口岸,成立唯一的港口主管当局(或港务管理委员会)行使现有体制下海监局、港务局及口岸委员会等有关港政、航政和行政协调等政府职能,实现“一城一港一政”。原港务局作为一种过渡暂可保留,但为一个企业局。第二步实现事业和社会机构从港务局中脱离出来,有关公安、医疗、学校等纳入地方编制,由地方政府统一领导。第三步实现真正的港口政企分开,即撤销现有港务局,在原有装卸公司基础上组建法人化的码头经营公司,使其成为真正具有经营上的自主权和财务上的独立性,真正实行“独立核算、自主经营、自负盈亏、自我发展”的与社会?
The reform of the port system must completely and clearly solve the two basic problems. First, the function of the government should be completely separated from the port enterprises, that is, the issue of separation of government from enterprises. Second, the definition of property rights means the definition of property rights between different investment subjects and the organic Combination problems. The author believes that these two issues are not handled well, and the strategic objectives of the reform of the port system can not be determined. Therefore, it is impossible to implement a variety of management forms that adapt to the market economy. The reform of the port system that avoids these two basic problems is not a real reform. About separation of government from enterprise Under the existing system of port authority set of government functions, undertakings, social institutions and production and operation of enterprises in one, is a typical government and enterprise. The first step in the reform is to realize the separation of the port authority under the existing system from the government functions such as the administration of the port it owns, and be clarified by the state through the formulation of the “Port Law.” Relative to a port, the establishment of a sole port authority (or harbor management committee) to exercise the existing system, the Authority, the Port Authority and the Port Commission and other government functions related to Hong Kong, navigation and administrative coordination to achieve “one city one port One government. ” The original port authority temporarily retained as a transition, but for a business bureau. The second step is to separate careers and social institutions from the port authority. Public security, medical care and schools are incorporated into the local government and local governments are united in their leadership. The third step is to achieve a true port government-enterprise separation, that is, to withdraw the existing port authority and build a legalized terminal operator based on the original handling company so that it will become truly operational and financially independent. The real Implementation of “independent accounting, self-employed, self-financing, self-development” and the community?