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为了阐明酸雨对森林生态系统水相硫动态分布的影响,在1997~1999年以庐山植物园的针叶林和阔叶林为研究对象,对降雨、透冠水、干流水、渗漏水、径流水及硫通量进行了监测分析。结果表明,降水中SO2-4含量最高值出现在冬季,最低值在夏季;针叶林和阔叶林的透冠水、干流水和渗漏水中的SO2-4含量均高于降水,且透冠水和干流水均表现为春夏季较低、秋冬季较高,径流水变化与之相反;渗漏水针叶林冬季最高,阔叶林春季最高,其他三个季节差异不大;森林生态系统水相硫年际变化呈递增趋势,即1997年<1998年<1999年,1999年SO2-4浓度与1998和1997年之间差异达显著或极显著水平,而1997年和1998年差异不显著;针叶林的透冠水、干流水、渗漏水中的SO2-4含量均比阔叶林高,而径流水则比阔叶林低,其pH值变化与之相反。针叶林和阔叶林都能够较好的吸收大气沉降中的S,其固定量均高于降水中S的通量,故庐山森林生态系统目前仍是大气S沉降的汇,对酸沉降仍有缓冲作用,但针叶林由于高输入低输出,因此对S的固定能力更强。
In order to clarify the influence of acid rain on the dynamic distribution of sulfur in forest ecosystem, the coniferous forests and broad-leaved forests in Lushan Botanical Garden were studied from 1997 to 1999, and the effects of rainfall, And sulfur flux were monitored and analyzed. The results showed that the highest SO2-4 content in precipitation appeared in winter and the lowest in summer. The content of SO2-4 in crown water, trunk water and leaking water in coniferous forest and broad-leaved forest were higher than those in precipitation, And the mainstream water showed lower spring and summer, higher autumn and winter, and opposite runoff water changes; the highest in winter was in the leaking water coniferous forest, the highest was in the spring in the broadleaved forest, and the other three seasons were not significant. The forest ecosystem water The annual variation of phase sulfur showed an increasing trend, that is, the difference between SO2-4 concentration in 1997, 1998, 1999, 1999 and 1999 and 1997 was significant or extremely significant, but not significantly different between 1997 and 1998; The content of SO2-4 in the crown water, trunk water and leaking water of coniferous forest was higher than that of broad-leaved forest, while the runoff water was lower than that of broad-leaved forest, and the change of pH value was the opposite. Coniferous forest and broad-leaved forest are better able to absorb atmospheric sedimentation in the S, the fixed amount is higher than the precipitation in the S flux, so the Lushan forest ecosystem is still sinking S atmospheric, the acid deposition is still A buffer effect, but the coniferous forest because of the high input and low output, so the fixed capacity of S stronger.