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目的 探讨老年肺不张的病因及纤支镜检查在明确病因诊断中的作用。方法 经胸部Ｘ线或ＣＴ证实为肺不张的老年患者２４３ 例，行纤支镜检查并取活检，刷检及抗酸杆菌检查。结果 肺癌１５８ 例（６５．０％ ） ，其中鳞癌１２１ 例，未分化癌２１ 例，腺癌１６ 例，慢性炎症６２ 例（２６．７％ ），支气管内膜结核１５ 例（６．２ ％ ） ，纵隔淋巴瘤３ 例（１．２ ％ ） ，支气管扩张并血块阻塞２ 例（０．８％ ）。结论 老年肺不张多由肿瘤所致，纤支镜检查是明确病因诊断的重要方法。老年肺不张一旦发现，应尽快行纤支镜检查。
Objective To explore the etiology of elderly atelectasis and the role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of a clear etiology. Methods 243 cases of elderly patients with atelectasis confirmed by chest X-ray or CT were examined with fiberoptic and biopsy, brushing and acid-fast bacilli. Results There were 158 cases of lung cancer (65.0%), including 121 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 21 cases of undifferentiated carcinoma, 16 cases of adenocarcinoma, 62 cases of chronic inflammation (26.7%), 15 cases of endobronchial tuberculosis (6.2% ), Mediastinal lymphoma in 3 (1.2%), bronchiectasis and clot in 2 (0.8%). Conclusion Aneurysm in elderly patients is mostly caused by tumors. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is an important method to confirm the cause of the disease. Elderly atelectasis once found, should be fiber optic bronchoscopy as soon as possible.