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目的:探讨学龄期儿童贫血与体格生长的关系。方法:在重庆市九龙坡区采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,对5所全日制公立小学的6 260名学龄儿童进行体格测量及血生化指标检查。统计分析贫血组及非贫血组间常用体格生长指标(体质量、身高)和与贫血相关的血常规指标,如红细胞平均容积(mean corpuscular volume,MCV)、红细胞平均血红蛋白(mean corpuscular hemoglobin,MCH)、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度(mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration,MCHC)和红细胞分布宽度(red blood cell distribution width,RDW)的差异及相关性。结果:4 730例有效样本中,共检出1 140例贫血儿童,贫血的总检出率为24.1%,女童贫血的检出率显著高于男童(男童检出率为22.6%,女童检出率为25.7%,χ2=6.100,P=0.010)。各年龄组(6岁~、7岁~、8岁~、9岁~、10岁~、11岁~、12岁~)贫血检出率分别为29.1%、29.1%、27.6%、23.7%、20.9%、17.4%、10.5%。不同年龄组间贫血检出率存在显著差异(χ2=75.800,P=0.000)。贫血组与非贫血组间的体格生长指标、血常规指标均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。贫血对儿童的体质量及身高均具有显著影响(分别为F=124.400,P=0.000;F=93.650,P=0.000)。血红蛋白(Hb)浓度与体质量、身高、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、MCV、MCH、MCHC均具有显著相关性(相关系数分别为0.233、0.221、0.174、0.277、0.427、0.319,P值均为0.000)。结论:重庆市九龙坡区学龄儿童贫血的发生率较高;贫血的发生与年龄、性别、体质量和身高均存在相关关系;贫血对学龄期儿童的体质量及身高均具有显著影响。提示重庆市九龙坡区学龄儿童贫血情况需高度重视,应该加强对该类儿童家长及儿童本身的营养宣教,提高其对营养的关注度,合理膳食。
Objective: To investigate the relationship between anemia and physical growth in school-age children. Methods: A total of 6,260 school-age children in 5 full-time public elementary schools were examined with physical measurement and blood biochemistry in Jiulongpo District, Chongqing City using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. Statistical analysis of common physical growth indicators (body weight, height) and anemia-related blood parameters such as mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) , The difference and correlation between mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW). Results: Of the 4 730 valid samples, 11 140 anemia children were detected, the total detection rate of anemia was 24.1%, and the detection rate of anemia in girls was significantly higher than that of boys (22.6% for boys and 8.6% for girls The detection rate was 25.7%, χ2 = 6.100, P = 0.010). The detection rates of anemia in all age groups (6 years old, 7 years old, 8 years old, 9 years old, 10 years old, 11 years old, 12 years old) were 29.1%, 29.1%, 27.6%, 23.7% 20.9%, 17.4%, 10.5%. There was a significant difference in the detection rate of anemia among different age groups (χ2 = 75.800, P = 0.000). There was a significant difference in physical growth index and blood index between anemia group and non-anemia group (P <0.05). Anemia had a significant effect on body weight and height in children (F = 124.400, P = 0.000; F = 93.650, P = 0.000). Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration had significant correlation with body mass, height, body mass index (BMI), MCV, MCH and MCHC (correlation coefficients were 0.233,0.221,0.174,0.277,0.427,0.319, P All 0.000). Conclusion: The incidence of anemia is higher in school-age children in Jiulongpo District of Chongqing. The incidence of anemia is related to age, sex, body weight and height. Anemia has a significant effect on body weight and height of school-aged children. It indicates that the anemia of school-age children in Jiulongpo District of Chongqing should be highly valued. Nutritional education of parents and children themselves should be strengthened to raise their nutrition awareness and reasonable diet.