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词序的象似结构反映了人类的认知结构,思想彼此间的关系会明显影响句中词语的安排。因此,探讨词序的象似性可以揭示人类认知的奥秘。象似性是指语言结构与人的经验结构或概念结构的相似。语言结构反映经验结构,即世界结构,包括说话人强加给世界的观点。古英语属于综合语,其句法关系用屈折变化来表示,古汉语属于分析语,其句法关系用词序表示。汉语语言文化背景下的语序问题,本质上是一个逻辑事理问题,这种情况在世界其他语言中也是存在的。其根本原因是语言既然是线性的,线性排列本身就是一个语序问题,只是依赖语序的程度不一。人类对自然与人文事态发生、发展过程的认知所体现出的顺序映照在语言上,两者互为表里,构成了语言的顺序象似性。普通话的“我比他高三分”这种常用的比较句格式,在秦汉时期使用“师少於我”这种句式,与盎格鲁—撒克逊人使用的“奁onne从句”比较句格式相似。古汉语与古英语表达相似的比较概念,具有相同的顺序象似性,有着共同的认知基础。两种语言比较结构中,表示比较程度的形容词,都放在被比较对象前,这与认知焦点是比较对象之间的性质差别有关。
The iconographic structure of the word order reflects the cognitive structure of human beings, and the relationship between the minds will obviously affect the arrangement of the words in the sentence. Therefore, to explore the iconicity of word order can reveal the mystery of human cognition. Iconicity refers to the similarity between language structure and human experience structure or conceptual structure. The language structure reflects the structure of experience, ie the structure of the world, including the perspective imposed on the world by the speaker. Old English belongs to the comprehensive language, the syntactic relation is expressed by the inflectional change, the ancient Chinese is the analytic language, and the syntactic relation is expressed by the word order. The question of language order in the context of Chinese language and culture is essentially a matter of logic and reason, as is the case in other languages of the world. The fundamental reason is that since the language is linear, the linear arrangement itself is a question of language order, just depending on the degree of order. The sequence reflected by human cognition of the occurrence and development of nature and humanity is reflected in the language, and the two form each other and constitute the sequential iconicity of the language. Putonghua, “I am three points higher than him,” this commonly used comparative sentence format, in the Qin and Han Dynasties use “teacher less than me,” this sentence, and Anglo-Saxon use "奁 onne clause Comparison sentence format is similar. The comparative concepts of ancient Chinese and Old English expressing similarities have the same order of iconicity and have a common cognitive foundation. In the comparative structure of two languages, the adjectives indicating the degree of comparison are all placed before the object to be compared, which is related to the difference in the nature of the object of comparison between the cognitive focuses.