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▲方向东著文指出“转换全民企业经营机制”是个悖论《经济体制改革内部参考》第13期刊登了方向东的题为《企业制度分析与企业改革》的文章。作者认为,企业机制是由企业制度决定的,在全民企业制度的基础上不可能建立一个完全适合市场经济条件的非全民的企业机制。而所谓的“转换全民企业经营机制”则是一个悖论,既是全民企业,其机制也是国有的;如果机制转换了,它也就不是全民企业了。全民企业的产权结构和产权安排在促进企业效率提高上有难以克服的缺陷。全民企业产权的基本特点是企业内部生产者及经营者的身份和所有者的身份是合一的,三者的根本利益一致,形成不了所有者对经营者和生产者以及经营者对生产者监督的动力机制。提高国有企业效率和活力的一条思路是对国有企业进行股份制改造,这一思路看到了现行国有企业产权关系的缺陷,但它的致命点在于未能深入分析所有权基础与企业产权制度的关
▲ The direction of Dong Wenwen pointed out that “converting the management mechanism of all enterprises” is a public opinion article No. 13 of the “Internal References for Economic System Reform” published in the article entitled “Corporate Institutional Analysis and Enterprise Reform”. The author believes that the enterprise mechanism is determined by the enterprise system, and on the basis of the entire enterprise system, it is impossible to establish a non-state-wide enterprise mechanism that is completely suitable for the conditions of the market economy. The so-called “transformation of the operational mechanism of the entire people’s enterprises” is a paradox. It is a national enterprise and its mechanism is also state-owned; if the mechanism is changed, it will not be a national enterprise. The property rights structure and property rights arrangement of all enterprises have insurmountable defects in promoting the improvement of the efficiency of enterprises. The basic characteristic of the property rights of enterprises in the entire country is that the identity of the producers and operators within the company is in line with the identity of the owners. The fundamental interests of the three parties are the same, and the owner cannot supervise the operators and producers and the operators to the producers. The dynamic mechanism. One thought for improving the efficiency and vitality of state-owned enterprises is to transform the state-owned enterprises into joint-stock companies. This thinking sees the defects of the existing state-owned enterprises’ property rights relations, but its fatal point is that it fails to deeply analyze the relationship between ownership base and enterprise property rights system.