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民族志研究作为人类学研究的学科规范,现已广泛运用于众多学科。民族志主要强调要深入田野,与当地人一起生活,通过观察和互动体验被研究者的意义世界并将其揭示出来。因此研究者与作为被研究者的“他者”成为了民族志研究中的两个主要因素。随着民族志研究经历了各个思潮、认识论与方法论的发展,研究者和他者之间的关系、互动也经历了演变,后者不再是传统意义上客观存在的、被研究的对象,而是与研究者共同参与研究,共同建构意义世界。本文试图简要叙述民族志的概念,其5个时期的主要认识论及这对重要概念的演变等,了解民族志研究的概貌。
Ethnography, as a discipline of anthropological research, is now widely used in many disciplines. Ethnography mainly emphasizes going deep into the field, living with the locals, and experiencing the revealed world of the researcher through observation and interaction. Therefore, the researcher and the “other” as the researcher become the two major factors in ethnographic research. As the research of ethnography has experienced the development of various thoughts, epistemology and methodology, the relationship between researchers and others, the interaction has also undergone evolution, and the latter is no longer an objective and studied object in the traditional sense It is to jointly participate in the research with researchers to jointly construct the world of meaning. This article attempts to briefly describe the concept of ethnography, its five episodes of major epistemology and the evolution of important concepts such as understanding the ethnography.