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本文研究了大庆、南阳原油中的胶质—沥青质,石蜡—正构烷烃和微晶等组分在含蜡原油热处理过程中的作用,从而指出:(1)只有当原油中含有石蜡和适量的胶质—沥青质时,才具备用热处理方法来改善其低温流动性能的可能性。(2)胶质—沥青质在含蜡原油中具有非常显著的分散作用增粘作用。它们通过吸附、共晶等作用改变原池中石蜡的结晶习性、形态及结构强度,从而取得降凝、降粘等效果。(3)各种原油中胶与正构烷烃之比在0.43～5.2之间,经过最佳条件热处理就可显示出热处理效果。胶—正烷烃比在0.6～3.0之间热处理效果最佳。(4)微晶蜡在含蜡原油热处理过程中,其本身不能显示热处理效果,当加热温度高达微晶蜡能在原油中大量溶解的温度时,在降温重结晶过程中,微晶蜡的析出将恶化热处理效果。
In this paper, the role of the components of pectin-asphaltene, paraffin-n-alkanes and microcrystals in Daqing and Nanyang crude oil in the heat treatment of waxy crude oil is studied. It is pointed out that: (1) Of the gum-asphaltene, have the possibility of using heat treatment to improve their low-temperature flow properties. (2) Gumy - asphaltenes have a very pronounced dispersion effect in waxy crude oil. They through the adsorption, eutectic and other changes in the original paraffin wax crystal habit, morphology and structural strength, so as to achieve the effect of pour point depressor. (3) The ratio of all kinds of crude rubber to n-paraffins is between 0.43 and 5.2, and the best heat treatment can show the effect of heat treatment. Gum - n-alkanes ratio between 0.6 to 3.0 the best heat treatment. (4) Microcrystalline wax can not show the heat treatment effect in the process of waxy crude oil heat treatment. When the heating temperature is up to the temperature at which microcrystalline wax dissolves in a large amount in crude oil, the precipitation of microcrystalline wax Will deteriorate the heat treatment effect.