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采用中国制造业企业微观层面数据研究企业自身特征和出口目的地市场特征与企业选择出口目的地和出口贸易额之间的相关关系。计量模型估计结果表明:企业规模、企业人均增加值、人均销售产值以及人均工资水平等都与企业出口目的地选择和出口贸易额呈显著正相关关系。出口目的地的GDP、人均GDP、英语虚拟变量也与企业出口目的选择以及出口贸易额呈正相关关系,而与本国的地理距离则与企业出口行为决策呈负相关关系。因企业自身特征和出口目的地个体特征差异导致的企业出口贸易成本差异是促成以上相关关系的核心因素。进一步实证检验发现:企业当期的出口行为决策显著受到前一期的出口行为决策的正向影响。
Using the data of Chinese manufacturing enterprises at the micro level, we study the correlation between the characteristics of enterprises and the market characteristics of export destinations and the choice of export destinations and export trade by enterprises. The results of the econometric model show that the scale of enterprises, the per capita added value of enterprises, the per capita sales value of output and the per capita wage level are positively correlated with the choice of export destinations and the export volume of enterprises. Export destination GDP, GDP per capita, English dummies also have a positive correlation with the choice of export destination and the export volume, while the geographical distance with the country is negatively correlated with the export decision-making. Differences in export trade costs caused by the differences between the enterprises’ own characteristics and the individual characteristics of export destinations are the core factors that contribute to the above correlation. A further empirical test found that the decision-making of export behavior of enterprises in the current period was significantly influenced by the decision-making of export behavior in the previous period.