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我们知道，连词“when”最常见的用法是引导时间状语从句，基本意义为“当……的时候”。但是，when的实际用法远不止于此。笔者结合历年高考对when的考查作分类对比，并加以分析点评，以期从中摸索出一些规律，对即将参加高考的学生有所帮助。
一、 时间状语从句中的when
当引导时间状语从句时，它可表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时进行；也可表示两者一前一后发生。可翻译为“当……时；在……之前；在……之后。”其表示何意义主要通过主从句的不同时态来区别。
1. Was it raining when you came to school yesterday?（同时）
2. When I had done the work. I took a rest.（从句动作先于主句动作）
3. The film had already began when I got to the cinema.（主句动作先于从句动作）
4. He transplanted the little tree to the garden®______it was the best time for it.
A.where
B.when
C.that
D.until
5. —Did Jack come back early last night?
—Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock______he arrived home.
A.before
B.when
C.that
D.until
一、 if
B.when
C.because
D.Before
6. Nancy enjoyed herself so much______she visited her friends in Sydney last year.
A.that
B.which
C.when
D.where
7. I used to love that film______I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more.
A.once
B.when
C.since
D.although
8. There were some chairs left over______everyone had sat down.
A.when
B.until
C.that
D.where
9. Peter was so excited______he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.
A.where
B.that
C.why
D.when
Key: 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. D
二、 引导状语从句
翻译为“考虑到；既然；鉴于”(when=considering that…)
1. How can I help them to understand when they won’t listen to me?
__________________________________________________________
2. Why do you walk when you have a car?
__________________________________________________________
3. Why do you want a new job______you’ve got such a good one yesterday?（NMET98）
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.when
Key:
1. 既然不听我的话，我怎能帮助他们了解呢？
2. 既然你有了汽车，为什么还不行呢？
3. D
It’s only the idle will be tired.
三、 引导让步状语从句
翻译为“尽管，即使”(when=even though; in spite of the fact that…)
1. He silenced his friends when they attempted to talk to him about it.
__________________________________________________________
2. Bob always goes a long way when he might take a short cut.
__________________________________________________________
3. You let the opportunity slip by when you could have seized it.
__________________________________________________________
4. They kept trying when they must have known it was hopeless.
__________________________________________________________
5. She stopped trying when she might have succeeded next time.
__________________________________________________________
6. He paid for a seat, when he______have entered free.（2005年山东）
A.could
B.would
C.must
D.need
Key:
1. 尽管朋友们试图跟他谈这件事，但他却不让他们说。
2. 虽然可以抄近路，鲍勃却总是走远路。（
特别注意：当when引导让步状语从句时，从句动词常采用“情态动词+完成式”的形式，情态动词可以是could, must, should(ought to)等，基本意义分别为“本可以……却”，“当时一定……却”；“本应该……却。”）
3. 你本可以抓住这次机会却错过了。
4. 他们明明已经知道事情无望，但依然没有停止努力。
5. 她很可能下次会成功，不过她还是停止了努力。
6. A
四、 when与副词 “hardly, scarcely”搭配使用
构成句型“Hardly/Scarcely+had done… when+一般过去时”。表示“一……就……”。
1. She had scarcely said the words when she began to regret it.
__________________________________________________________
2. Hardly had they arrived when they had to start again.
__________________________________________________________
3. —Did Linda see the traffic accident?
— No, no sooner______than it happened.
A.had she gone
B.see had gone
C.has she gone
D.she has gone
Key:
1. 她刚一说完就后悔了。（其中，当位于句首时，需用倒装形式。）
2. 他们刚一到达就又要离开了。
3. A
五、 when在下列句型中的使用
was/were doing sth… when+一般过去时 正在干……突然……
had done/had been dong sth … when+一般 过去时 刚干了/一直在干……突然……
was/were about to do sth… when+一般过去时 正要干……突然……
was/were going to do sth… when+一般过去时 正要干……突然……
was/were on the point of doing sth… when+ 一般过去时 正要干……突然……
when从句引导词相当于at this moment或and suddenly，可理解为“恰好在这时”、“突然”。往往引出一种意想不到或者突如其来的情况。
只有闲人才会感到疲倦。
1. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park______she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A.when
B.while
C.since
D.once
2. He was about to tell me the secret______someone patted him on the shoulder.
A.as
B.until
C.while
D.when
3. We were swimming in the lake______suddenly the storm started.
A.when
B.while
C.until
D.before
4.I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying himself with a towel______I heard the steps.
A.while
B.when
C.since
D.after
5.She had just finished her homework______her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
A.when
B.while
C.after
D.since
Key: ADAB
六、 引导条件状语从句
表示如果。When相当于if，但语气较弱。表示“如果……就”。
1. When I’m free, I’ll go to see you.
2. Don’t be afraid of asking for help______it is needed.(200321 全国)
A.unless
B.since
C.although
D.when
3. How can you expect to learn anything______you never listen?(200631 山东)
A.in case
B.even if
C.unless
D.when
Key:
1. 如果有空，我就去看你。
2. D
3. D
七、 引导名词性从句
when = the time when翻译为：“……的时候”
1. Spring is when it is warm and pleasant.
2. —Why didn’t you answer my phone call yesterday afternoon?
—Sorry, that was probably______I was seeing a doctor.
A.why
B.how
C.where
D.when
3. I remember______it used to be a quiet village.(NMET93)
A.what
B.when
C.where
D.how
4. Please remind me______he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.(全国1)
A.where
B.when
C.how
D.what
Key:
1. 春天是暖和舒适的季节
2. D
3. B
4. B
八、 几种句型的比较
以下几种句型很容易混淆，但在近年的高考中考查频率非常高。
It was 2:00 p.m when he came back. 当他回来的时候，时间是下午两点。
It was at 2:00 p.m. that he came back. 他是下午两点回来的。（强调句式）
It is two hours since he came back. 自从他回来算有两小时了。
It was two hours before he came back. 过了两小时他才回来。
It will/would be two hours before he comes/came back. 要过两小时他才能回来。
1. Scientists say it may be five or six years______it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A.since
B.after
C.before
D.when
2. —Did Jack come back early last night?
—Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock______he arrived home.
A.before
B.when
C.that
D.until
3. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years® I enjoyed myself so much.
A.when
B.that
C.before
D.since
4. It was some time______we realized the truth.
A.when
B.until
C.since
D.before
5. The American Civil War lasted four years______the North won in the end.
A.after
B.when
C.before
D.to find
6. It is almost five years______we saw each other last time.
A.before
B.since
C.after
D.when
Strong in action, gentle in method.
一、 时间状语从句中的when
当引导时间状语从句时，它可表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时进行；也可表示两者一前一后发生。可翻译为“当……时；在……之前；在……之后。”其表示何意义主要通过主从句的不同时态来区别。
1. Was it raining when you came to school yesterday?（同时）
2. When I had done the work. I took a rest.（从句动作先于主句动作）
3. The film had already began when I got to the cinema.（主句动作先于从句动作）
4. He transplanted the little tree to the garden®______it was the best time for it.
A.where
B.when
C.that
D.until
5. —Did Jack come back early last night?
—Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock______he arrived home.
A.before
B.when
C.that
D.until
一、 if
B.when
C.because
D.Before
6. Nancy enjoyed herself so much______she visited her friends in Sydney last year.
A.that
B.which
C.when
D.where
7. I used to love that film______I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more.
A.once
B.when
C.since
D.although
8. There were some chairs left over______everyone had sat down.
A.when
B.until
C.that
D.where
9. Peter was so excited______he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.
A.where
B.that
C.why
D.when
Key: 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. D
二、 引导状语从句
翻译为“考虑到；既然；鉴于”(when=considering that…)
1. How can I help them to understand when they won’t listen to me?
__________________________________________________________
2. Why do you walk when you have a car?
__________________________________________________________
3. Why do you want a new job______you’ve got such a good one yesterday?（NMET98）
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.when
Key:
1. 既然不听我的话，我怎能帮助他们了解呢？
2. 既然你有了汽车，为什么还不行呢？
3. D
It’s only the idle will be tired.
三、 引导让步状语从句
翻译为“尽管，即使”(when=even though; in spite of the fact that…)
1. He silenced his friends when they attempted to talk to him about it.
__________________________________________________________
2. Bob always goes a long way when he might take a short cut.
__________________________________________________________
3. You let the opportunity slip by when you could have seized it.
__________________________________________________________
4. They kept trying when they must have known it was hopeless.
__________________________________________________________
5. She stopped trying when she might have succeeded next time.
__________________________________________________________
6. He paid for a seat, when he______have entered free.（2005年山东）
A.could
B.would
C.must
D.need
Key:
1. 尽管朋友们试图跟他谈这件事，但他却不让他们说。
2. 虽然可以抄近路，鲍勃却总是走远路。（
特别注意：当when引导让步状语从句时，从句动词常采用“情态动词+完成式”的形式，情态动词可以是could, must, should(ought to)等，基本意义分别为“本可以……却”，“当时一定……却”；“本应该……却。”）
3. 你本可以抓住这次机会却错过了。
4. 他们明明已经知道事情无望，但依然没有停止努力。
5. 她很可能下次会成功，不过她还是停止了努力。
6. A
四、 when与副词 “hardly, scarcely”搭配使用
构成句型“Hardly/Scarcely+had done… when+一般过去时”。表示“一……就……”。
1. She had scarcely said the words when she began to regret it.
__________________________________________________________
2. Hardly had they arrived when they had to start again.
__________________________________________________________
3. —Did Linda see the traffic accident?
— No, no sooner______than it happened.
A.had she gone
B.see had gone
C.has she gone
D.she has gone
Key:
1. 她刚一说完就后悔了。（其中，当位于句首时，需用倒装形式。）
2. 他们刚一到达就又要离开了。
3. A
五、 when在下列句型中的使用
was/were doing sth… when+一般过去时 正在干……突然……
had done/had been dong sth … when+一般 过去时 刚干了/一直在干……突然……
was/were about to do sth… when+一般过去时 正要干……突然……
was/were going to do sth… when+一般过去时 正要干……突然……
was/were on the point of doing sth… when+ 一般过去时 正要干……突然……
when从句引导词相当于at this moment或and suddenly，可理解为“恰好在这时”、“突然”。往往引出一种意想不到或者突如其来的情况。
只有闲人才会感到疲倦。
1. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park______she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A.when
B.while
C.since
D.once
2. He was about to tell me the secret______someone patted him on the shoulder.
A.as
B.until
C.while
D.when
3. We were swimming in the lake______suddenly the storm started.
A.when
B.while
C.until
D.before
4.I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying himself with a towel______I heard the steps.
A.while
B.when
C.since
D.after
5.She had just finished her homework______her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
A.when
B.while
C.after
D.since
Key: ADAB
六、 引导条件状语从句
表示如果。When相当于if，但语气较弱。表示“如果……就”。
1. When I’m free, I’ll go to see you.
2. Don’t be afraid of asking for help______it is needed.(200321 全国)
A.unless
B.since
C.although
D.when
3. How can you expect to learn anything______you never listen?(200631 山东)
A.in case
B.even if
C.unless
D.when
Key:
1. 如果有空，我就去看你。
2. D
3. D
七、 引导名词性从句
when = the time when翻译为：“……的时候”
1. Spring is when it is warm and pleasant.
2. —Why didn’t you answer my phone call yesterday afternoon?
—Sorry, that was probably______I was seeing a doctor.
A.why
B.how
C.where
D.when
3. I remember______it used to be a quiet village.(NMET93)
A.what
B.when
C.where
D.how
4. Please remind me______he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.(全国1)
A.where
B.when
C.how
D.what
Key:
1. 春天是暖和舒适的季节
2. D
3. B
4. B
八、 几种句型的比较
以下几种句型很容易混淆，但在近年的高考中考查频率非常高。
It was 2:00 p.m when he came back. 当他回来的时候，时间是下午两点。
It was at 2:00 p.m. that he came back. 他是下午两点回来的。（强调句式）
It is two hours since he came back. 自从他回来算有两小时了。
It was two hours before he came back. 过了两小时他才回来。
It will/would be two hours before he comes/came back. 要过两小时他才能回来。
1. Scientists say it may be five or six years______it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A.since
B.after
C.before
D.when
2. —Did Jack come back early last night?
—Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock______he arrived home.
A.before
B.when
C.that
D.until
3. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years® I enjoyed myself so much.
A.when
B.that
C.before
D.since
4. It was some time______we realized the truth.
A.when
B.until
C.since
D.before
5. The American Civil War lasted four years______the North won in the end.
A.after
B.when
C.before
D.to find
6. It is almost five years______we saw each other last time.
A.before
B.since
C.after
D.when
Strong in action, gentle in method.