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学界多认为西方文学作品有关东方或野蛮人的“食人习俗”的书写是猎奇想象和文化拼贴的产物,更是殖民思想的产物。这一观点看到的只是问题的一个方面,似有探讨空间。本文从文学伦理学批评的视角出发,结合文化的道德相对主义观点,比照中外有关文献对“食人”的历史记述,试图阐述以下观点:文学作品中有关野蛮人的“食人”记述实则是虚像与实像的糅合;更值得深思的是,文学作品中有关“食人习俗”的记述不幸命中了20世纪和21世纪的残酷现实——“吃人”的欲望一直以来就潜伏在人类的意识深处,时至今日“吃人”也未曾成为人们想当然的纯粹意义上的“伦理禁忌”。所谓现代的“文明人”并不比其心目中的“野蛮人”高贵多少。
Many scholars in the academic circles think that the writing of “cannibalism” about oriental or barbarians in western literary works is the product of curiosity and cultural collage, and a product of colonialism. What we see in this view is just one aspect of the problem. It seems that there is space for exploration. This article tries to expound the following views from the perspective of the criticism of literary ethics and the cultural relativism viewpoints of the Chinese and foreign literary works according to the historical accounts of “cannibalism” in China and other parts of the world: “The cannibal It is even more worth pondering that the account of ”cannibalism “ in literary works unfortunately hit the brutal reality of the 20th and 21st centuries - the desire of ”eating and drinking“ Has long been lurking in the depths of human consciousness. Even today, ”eating man“ has never been the ”ethical taboo“ in the simple sense that people take it for granted. The so-called modern ”civilized person“ is no nobler than the ”barbarian" in his mind.