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“受影”与“受动”的分化是日语和汉语的被动句中都能观察到的现象。日语被动句受语义、句法和词法等多方面约束,出现了受影和受动并存的多种句式变体,汉语被动句主要受语义和句法约束,因此“受影”成为使用被字句的主要语义动因,并在表示“受影”上形成多种句式变体。本文对日、汉语的“受影被动句”和“受动被动句(中立被动句)”做一个对比分析,探讨一下这两类句式在句法与语义上的差异及其形成机制。
The differentiation between “shadowed” and “driven” is a phenomenon that can be observed in the passive sentences of both Japanese and Chinese. Japanese passive sentences are subject to many aspects of semantic, syntactic and lexical meanings. Many kinds of syntactic variants are involved, such as shadowing and motivation. Chinese passive sentences are mainly restricted by semantic and syntactic constraints. Therefore, The main semantic motivation of the sentence, and in the expression “shadow ” on the formation of a variety of sentence variants. This article makes a contrastive analysis of Japanese and Chinese “passive passive sentences” and “passive passive sentences” (Neutral passive sentences), and discusses the differences in syntactic and semantic terms between these two types of sentences and their formation mechanism.