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光敏感的纳米载体因其可从时间和空间上精确地控制药物的释放以实现对肿瘤的高效治疗,近年来逐渐成为生物医学领域的研究热点之一。本文综述了光敏感的纳米载体破裂从而释放出装载的药物的三种机理,主要包括:(1)光致异构化引发的纳米载体形态转变;(2)光反应引发的纳米载体降解;(3)光热引发的纳米载体破裂。本文简单介绍了这三种释放机理,例举了这三种释放机理所对应的光敏感材料,并阐述了其在药物运输、可控释放以及肿瘤治疗中的最新研究进展以及存在的问题,为光敏感纳米载体在生物体系中的应用提供参考,并对今后的发展作了展望。
Photosensitized nanocarriers have become one of the hot topics in the field of biomedicine in recent years due to their precise temporal and spatial control of drug release in order to achieve efficient treatment of tumors. This review summarizes the three mechanisms by which light-sensitive nanocarriers rupture and release loaded drugs, including: (1) photo-isomerization-induced morphological transformation of nanocarriers; (2) photo-induced nanocarrier degradation; ( 3) Photo-thermal induced nanocarrier rupture. In this paper, the three release mechanisms are briefly introduced, and the photo-sensitive materials corresponding to the three release mechanisms are illustrated. The latest research progress and problems in drug delivery, controlled release and tumor therapy are also described Photosensitive nanocarriers for biological applications in the system to provide a reference, and prospects for the future development.