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烟曲霉是最常见的空气播散性真菌病原体,在免疫受损患者,烟曲霉常引起侵袭性曲霉病(invasive aspergillo-sis,IA)。与大多数的原发性病原菌不同,烟曲霉没有在宿主相关组织生长的毒力特征,研究表明烟曲霉的毒力特性是在自然界中抵制不利因素而产生的。这些特性不仅增加了其在生态环境中的总体竞争力,而且促进了它在人类宿主中的存活和生长。尽管许多与这些毒力特性相关的基因不符合经典毒力因子的定义,但对IA的致病机制仍很重要,主要包括与耐热生长、细胞壁屏障、分泌毒性产物、对环境的感知及信号传导、获取营养等方面有关的因子。
Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common airborne fungal pathogen and Aspergillus fumigatus often causes invasive aspergillosis (IA) in immunocompromised patients. Unlike most primary pathogens, Aspergillus fumigatus has no virulence characteristics for growth in host-related tissues. Studies have shown that the virulence characteristics of Aspergillus fumigatus are produced in nature by combating unfavorable factors. These characteristics not only increase their overall competitiveness in the ecological environment, but also promote its survival and growth in human hosts. Although many of the genes associated with these virulence traits do not meet the definition of classical virulence factors, they are still important for the pathogenesis of IA, including those related to thermotolerance, cell wall barriers, secretion toxic products, environmental perception and signaling Conduction, access to nutrition and other related factors.