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目的：探讨肺泡灌洗液、血清抗原及血清抗体检测诊断卡氏肺孢子虫感染的价值。方法：利用免疫抑制大鼠模型及双夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测不同时期感染大鼠肺泡灌洗液和血清中肺孢子虫抗原，用ＩＦＡ法检测血清中的肺孢子虫ＩｇＧ抗体，并与病原学检查结果进行比较。结果：感染大鼠肺泡灌洗液的抗原检测于免疫抑制６－８ｗｋ后均呈阳性，而对照组大鼠均呈阴性；大多数感染大鼠血清抗原检测为阴性；正常大鼠血清中有低滴度肺孢子虫ＩｇＧ抗体，感染大鼠抗体滴度轻度升高或不升高，但中止免疫抑制后血清抗体滴度明显升高，而肺泡灌洗液中抗原逐渐阴转。结论：肺泡灌洗液抗原检测可用于肺孢子虫感染的诊断，但血清中很难检出这种抗原；血清ＩｇＧ抗体的上升并不表示为现症感染。
Objective: To investigate the value of detecting alveolar lavage fluid, serum antigens and serum antibodies in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection. Methods: Immunosuppressive rat model and double-sandwich ELISA were used to detect pulmonary alveolar lavage fluid and Pneumocystis carinii antigen in rats at different periods. IFA was used to detect Pneumocystis carinii IgG antibody in serum, Compare. Results: The antigen of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in BALB / c mice was positive after 6-8 wk of immunosuppression, but negative in the control group, negative in the majority of infected rats, negative in the serum of normal rats Titers of Pneumocystis carinii IgG antibody titers of infected mice were slightly increased or not increased, but serum antibody titers were significantly increased after suspension of immunosuppression, while the antigens in the alveolar lavage fluid gradually turned negative. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of BALF antigen can be used for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis infection, but it is very difficult to detect this antigen in serum; the increase of serum IgG antibody does not indicate the presence of infection.