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过去认为,肾上腺素促使肝糖原分解的反应,是激素通过一种蛋白激酶,使无活性的磷酸化酶 b 变成有活性的磷酸化酶 a,后者催化肝糖原变成1-磷酸葡萄糖。上述工作是在肝完整细胞进行。1957年 Sutherland 等用肝匀浆做实验,证明激素也可以激活无细胞系统中的磷酸化酶。进一步将肝匀浆离心发现,激素并不能激活上清液中的磷酸化酶,但却可使不溶解部分的细胞碎屑,产生一种对热稳定并可激活磷酸化酶的因子。1960年
In the past, epinephrine responded to the breakdown of glycogen by the action of hormones through a protein kinase that renders inactive phosphatase b an active phosphorylase, a that catalyzes the conversion of glycogen into 1-phosphate glucose. The above work is done in whole liver cells. In 1957, Sutherland and other experiments with liver homogenate, prove that hormones can also activate phosphorylase in cell-free system. Further centrifugation of the liver homogenate revealed that the hormone did not activate the phosphorylase in the supernatant but did not dissolve part of the cell debris and produced a factor that was thermostable and activatable phosphorylase. 1960