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A:糖尿病(diabets mellitus,DM),是最常见的一类内分泌代谢病。有人估计,我国糖尿病患者高达约7000万。胰腺是人体内重要的腺体,根据细胞组成和功能不同,又可以分为外分泌腺(分泌胰液,消化食物)和内分泌腺(分泌多种激素,起到不同生理作用)两大类。在胰腺的腺泡组织之间,约有100万~200万个胰岛细胞,它们执行着胰腺的内分泌功能,其中的B细胞(也叫β细胞)可以分泌出一种含有51个氨基酸残基的小分子蛋白质,就是著名的胰岛素。作为一种蛋白质类激素,胰岛素的生理作用非常复杂,它既是全面促进机体合成代谢的关键激素,又能够调节细胞的生长、增殖,并抑制细胞的凋亡。非常特别的是,胰岛素还是体内惟一
A: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common type of endocrine and metabolic disease. Some people estimate that our country up to about 70 million diabetic patients. The pancreas is an important gland in the human body. Depending on the composition and function of the pancreas, the pancreas can be divided into two major categories: exocrine glands (secreting pancreatic juice, digesting food) and endocrine glands (secreting multiple hormones and playing different physiological roles). Between the pancreas acinar tissue, there are about 1 million to 2 million islet cells, which perform the endocrine function of the pancreas, in which B cells (also called β cells) can secrete a 51 amino acid residues Small protein, is the famous insulin. As a protein hormone, the physiological role of insulin is very complex. It is not only a key hormone that comprehensively promotes the synthesis and metabolism of the body, but also regulates cell growth and proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis. Very special, insulin is still the only one in the body