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前瞻性流行病学研究已经明确了我国人群的心血管病四大可以改变的危险因素为:高血压、吸烟、糖尿病和血清总胆固醇升高。这四大危险因素对于心血管病发病的相对危险度依次约为:高血压为4,糠尿病为3,吸烟为2,血清总胆固醇升高为1.5。若对这些危险因素进行控制,可使我国的冠心病和缺血型脑卒中发病率减少约80％;使出血型脑卒中的发病率减少约63％。(www.cinic.org.cn/yyb)
Prospective epidemiological studies have identified four major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in our population: high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes and elevated serum total cholesterol. The relative risk of these four major risk factors for cardiovascular disease were approximately: hypertension 4, diabetes 3, smoking 2, and serum total cholesterol 1.5. Controlling these risk factors can reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke by about 80% in our country and reduce the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke by about 63%. (www.cinic.org.cn/yyb)