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六十年代初,我国工业管理和企业管理体制的突出问题:第一,多头领导,政出多门。第二,分散经营,各自为政。第三,机构臃肿,层次重叠,工作效率不高。第四,企业只顾按上级要求生产,不负责供销业务,不讲究经济效果。此外,由于企业分散经营,不能集中人力、物力、财力对新技术进行研究、总结和推广,不利于科学技术的发展。为了适应工业生产发展的新形势,工业管理体制的改革,当时势在必行。结合中央关于调整、巩固、充实、提高八字方针的贯彻,1964年8月开始,第一批试办12个“托拉斯”。一、试办“托拉斯”的组织形式和性质第一批试办的12个“托拉斯”,其中9个
In the early 1960s, China’s industrial management and enterprise management system had outstanding problems: First, many leaders and many governments. Second, decentralization and management. Third, institutions are bloated, overlapping levels, and work efficiency is not high. Fourth, companies only care about production according to the requirements of superiors. They are not responsible for the supply and marketing business, and do not pay attention to economic results. In addition, due to the decentralized operation of enterprises, it is impossible to concentrate human, material and financial resources on the research, summarization and promotion of new technologies, which is not conducive to the development of science and technology. In order to adapt to the new situation in the development of industrial production, the reform of the industrial management system was imperative at the time. In conjunction with the implementation of the central government’s policy on adjusting, consolidating, enhancing, and improving the eight-character principle, it began in August 1964 with the first trials of 12 “trusts.” First, the first batch of the 12 “trusts” of trial organization and nature of “Trust” trials, of which 9