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熊胆为一种贵重中药材。由于它疗效卓著,物稀价昂,故掺假作伪之品时有出现。为了确保疗效,今将熊胆的鉴别方法介绍如下。性状鉴别熊胆为熊科动物黑熊或棕熊的干燥胆囊。商品呈长扁卵形,上部狭细中空,下部膨大呈囊状,大小不一,长10～20cm,下部宽5～10cm,表面黑褐色、灰褐色或棕黄色,有光泽,具皱摺,囊皮较薄。上半部呈半透明状。质坚硬,破开后,断面亦有光泽。囊内胆仁呈不定形块状、颗粒状或稠膏状,有光泽,色泽深浅不一。根据其色泽,商品有金胆、菜花胆和墨胆之分。金胆又称铜胆或琥珀胆,其品质最佳,囊皮薄,半透明,用手捏之有飒飒之响声,胆仁金黄色,有
Bear gall is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine. Because of its outstanding curative effect, thin and expensive, adulterated products appear occasionally. In order to ensure efficacy, the identification method for bear bile is described below. The traits were identified as the dry gallbladder of the bear family black bear or brown bear. The product has a long flat oval shape, the upper part is narrow and hollow, and the lower part is inflated and saclike. The size is different, the length is 10-20cm, the lower part is 5-10cm wide, and the surface is dark brown, beige or brown, shiny, with wrinkles. The skin is thin. The upper half is translucent. Hard quality, breaking open, the section is also shiny. The cystic bile was irregularly shaped, granular or thick paste, shiny, with varying shades of color. According to its color, the goods are gold gall, cauliflower bile and ink gall. Also known as copper gall bladder or amber gall bladder, its quality is best, the skin is thin, translucent, and there is a buzzing sound in the hand. The gall bladder is golden yellow.