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目前b型流感杆菌（Hib）仍然是引起发达国家婴儿和幼儿侵袭性感染及世界性该年龄组细菌性脑膜炎的主要原因。预防Hib的菌苗已问世多年,为评价预防Hib病的婴儿免疫计划的效果,以色列进行了全国性前瞻性监测研究。
Currently, influenza b (Hib) is still the main cause of invasive infection in infants and young children in developed countries and worldwide bacterial meningitis in this age group. Vaccines to prevent Hib have been around for many years and to assess the effectiveness of infant immunization programs to prevent Hib disease, a nationwide prospective surveillance study was conducted in Israel.