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19世纪前半期,随着条件恶劣的荒地以及西部旧土官统治区开垦事业的发展,出现了新的社会精英——以移民为主的土地开垦事业的中坚力量。与此同时,在处理纳税问题的过程中还出现了对地方官的治理积极提出各种问题的地方领袖。尽管这些新兴势力并没有获得科举头衔,但对于陷入治理僵局的地方政府而言,他们的举动具有填补官方统治职能以及恢复人们对政府已经失去的信心的可能性。清朝政府并没有充分认识到这股新兴势力的重要性,而是做出了压制新兴势力的举措,因而大大加深了独占政治发言权的科举精英和非科举精英之间的矛盾。这正是太平天国发生的社会背景。
In the first half of the nineteenth century, with the development of reclamation projects in the bad conditions of the wasteland and the western region under the rule of the former officials, there emerged a new elite of the community - the backbone of the land reclamation project which is dominated by immigrants. In the meantime, there have also been local leaders who have raised questions of the governance of local officials in the process of tax payment. Although these emerging forces have not won the title of imperial examination, their actions have the potential to fill official functions of government and restore people’s confidence that the government has lost for local governments caught in the governance impasse. The Qing government did not fully recognize the importance of these emerging forces but instead took the initiative of suppressing the emerging forces, thereby greatly deepening the contradictions between the imperial examiners and the non-imperial elites who have the exclusive right to speak of politics. This is exactly the social background of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.