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马克思或马克思主义到底有没有一种系统且自圆其说的生态理论,这在北美马克思主义学界内一直聚讼纷纭。阿格尔和莱斯等人认为,马克思的历史唯物主义并没有能够提供一套完整的生态思想,因此要毅然与之决裂;但在福斯特等人看来,马克思与恩格斯的生态思想是内在于其历史唯物主义之中的,马克思与生态学并没有不可跨越的鸿沟,或者说生态学马克思主义才是马克思主义的应有之义;奥康纳承认马克思主义闪烁着生态思想的微光,但这光芒还略显黯淡。社会主义因其对经济的计划能力,应该可以是生态友好且可持续发展的,可是因为
Whether Marxism or Marxism has a systematic and self-contained theory of ecology has long been controversial in North American Marxist scholarship. Agger and Rice and others hold that Marx's historical materialism can not provide a complete set of ecological ideas and therefore resolutely break with it. However, to Forster et al., The ecological thinking of Marx and Engels is within Among its historical materialism, Marx and Ecology do not have an inevitable gap, or ecological Marxism is the proper meaning of Marxism. O'Connor admits that Marxism is shining with a glimmer of ecological thinking, This light is still a little bleak. Because of its ability to plan economy, socialism should be eco-friendly and sustainable. However, because