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目的了解上海市某社区学龄前儿童伤害发生情况及家长幼儿伤害相关知识、信念和行为(KAP)情况,探索基于社区的学龄前儿童伤害干预对策。方法随机整群抽取某社区幼儿园3~6岁儿童家长936名,采用问卷调查学龄前儿童的伤害发生情况及家长对幼儿伤害预防的知识、态度和行为情况。采用t检验比较发生过伤害和未发生过伤害的学龄前儿童家长KAP得分差异。结果学龄前儿童伤害发生率为25.2%,男女之间差异无统计学意义(P=0.308)。最常见的伤害类型为跌倒/坠落伤(12.82%)和碰撞/挤压伤(7.59%),主要发生在家里和居住区(16.56%)。家长的知识、态度和行为得分均低于85分,儿童发生伤害的家长行为得分比儿童不发生伤害的家长行为得分低,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。结论以社区为基础的干预可以整合多部门资源,共同改善伤害高发因素。干预既要关注发生率较高的伤害类型,同时也要关注家长监护行为中比较突出的不安全行为,包括药品、电源等危险物品的安置和防溺水方面,从而减少学龄前儿童伤害发生率。
Objective To understand the incidence of pre-school children’s injuries and the related knowledge, beliefs and behaviors (KAP) of parents and children in a community in Shanghai, and to explore community-based intervention measures for pre-school children’s injuries. Methods A total of 936 parents from 3 to 6 years old were collected from a kindergarten in a community randomly. Questionnaires were made to investigate the incidence of pre-school children’s injuries and their parents’ knowledge, attitude and behavior of preventing injuries. The t-test was used to compare KAP scores of preschool-aged children who had had injuries and those who did not. Results The incidence of pre-school injuries was 25.2%. There was no significant difference between men and women (P = 0.308). The most common types of injuries were fall / fall injuries (12.82%) and collision / crush injuries (7.59%), mainly in the home and residential areas (16.56%). Parents ’scores of knowledge, attitude and behavior were all less than 85 points. Parents’ behavior scores of children who had hurt were lower than those of children who did not hurt. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.002). Conclusion Community-based interventions can integrate multi-sectoral resources to jointly improve the high risk of injury. Interventions should not only focus on the types of injuries that occur with a high incidence, but also focus on the more prominent unsafe behaviors among guardianship behaviors of parents, including the placement of drugs and power supplies and other anti-drowning items to reduce the incidence of pre-school injuries.