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目的掌握流动人口对上海市血吸虫病传播可能造成的潜在危险性。方法2004年在上海市城郊结合部流动人口较多的闵行区和浦东新区,根据整群随机抽样原则两区各抽取3乡(镇)、每乡(镇)各抽取1行政村作为调查点,居住满1个月以上、≥1周岁的外来流动人口为调查对象,进行问卷调查和间接红细胞凝集试验(IHA)。IHA阳性者再以尼龙绢集卵孵化法进行粪检。结果共调查流动人口2931人,其中男性1575人(占53.74%),女性1356人(占46.26%)。血清学检测阳性率为4.71%(138/2931)。来自血吸虫病流行省的流动人口共1938人(占66.12%),其中血清学检测阳性率为5.99%,显著高于来自传播阻断省的2.60%(χ2=10.28,P<0.01)和非流行省的1.68%(χ2=12.86,P<0.01)。对138例血清学检测阳性者进行集卵法粪检,均为阴性。根据2004年全国未控制和控制血吸虫病的地区人群感染和发病情况,推算上海市来自未控制地区和控制地区的流动人口中血清学检测阳性数约为15055例(分别为13356和1699例),发病人数约为2423例(分别为2168和255例),其中来自安徽省的流动人口的血清学检测阳性数及发病人数均占首位。结论流动人口为上海市血吸虫病潜在流行的主要隐患因素。
Objective To understand the potential risk caused by floating population to the spread of schistosomiasis in Shanghai. Methods In 2004, Minhang District and Pudong New Area with large floating population in the suburbs of Shanghai were sampled. According to the principle of random sampling in cluster, 3 townships (towns) and 1 administrative village were withdrawn from each of the two districts as survey sites. Inhabitants who lived for more than 1 month and ≥1 years of age were investigated by questionnaire and indirect hemagglutination test (IHA). IHA-positive again by nylon silk hatching egg test method. Results A total of 2931 floating population were investigated, including 1575 males (53.74%) and 1356 females (46.26%). Serological test positive rate was 4.71% (138/2931). A total of 1938 floating population (66.12%) were from schistosomiasis-endemic provinces. The positive rate of serological detection was 5.99%, which was significantly higher than that of 2.60% (χ2 = 10.28, P <0.01) and non-epidemic 1.68% of provinces (χ2 = 12.86, P <0.01). 138 cases of serological test positive egg-stool fecal examination were negative. According to the population infection and incidence of non-controlled and controlled schistosomiasis in 2004, it is estimated that the number of serological test positives in migrants from uncontrolled areas and controlled areas in Shanghai is about 15 555 (13356 and 1699 respectively) The number of cases was about 2423 (2168 and 255 cases, respectively), of which the positive number of serological tests and the number of patients in floating population from Anhui Province ranked first. Conclusion The floating population is the main risk factor for the potential epidemic of schistosomiasis in Shanghai.