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目的观察不同机种飞行员在暗环境中不同对比度下的视力和反应时间。方法测量不同机型的75名男性飞行员在暗环境下的对比度视力和反应时间,年龄22~38(26.44±2.84)岁。按机种不同分为直升机组(54人108眼)、运输机组(5人10眼)、歼击机组(16人32眼)。先测量三组正常环境下的裸眼视力,再测量三组飞行员在暗环境正常背景下100%、25%、10%和5%对比度下的视力和反应时间,先后测量右眼和左眼。比较各组不同对比度下的视力和裸眼视力的差别、暗环境各对比度下的视力和反应时间的差别。结果三组飞行员正常环境下的裸眼视力差异无统计学意义(P>0.1)。直升机组100%对比度视力较裸眼视力好,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),运输机组和歼击机组100%对比度视力与裸眼视力比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其他对比度下各组的对比度视力均较正常环境下的裸眼视力差,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随对比度下降,各组对比度视力下降,反应时间延长。在各种对比度下,直升机组对比度视力较歼击机组好,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);运输机组与其他两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);100%、25%和10%三个对比度下直升机组反应时间较歼击机组快,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),运输机组和其他两组反应时间比较差异无统计学意义;在5%对比度下三组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论不同机型的飞行员,虽然裸眼视力无明显差异,但在暗环境正常背景不同对比度下的视力和反应时间存在差异,直升机组较歼击机组对比度视力好,反应速度快。飞行员低对比度视力检查结果可为建立不同对比度下的视力正常值标准提供参考。
Objective To observe the visual acuity and reaction time of pilots of different aircraft under different contrast in dark environment. Methods The contrast visual acuity and reaction time of 75 male pilots in different models were measured under the dark environment, ranging in age from 22 to 38 (26.44 ± 2.84) years. According to different types of helicopters divided into groups (54 108 eyes), transport units (5 10), fighter units (16 32). The visual acuity and reaction time of three groups of pilots under the normal background of dark environment at 100%, 25%, 10% and 5% contrast were measured and the right and left eyes were measured one after the other. The differences of visual acuity and uncorrected visual acuity between different contrast groups in each group were compared. The difference of visual acuity and reaction time in each contrast of dark environment was compared. Results There was no significant difference in visual acuity between the three groups of pilots under normal conditions (P> 0.1). The visual acuity of helicopter 100% contrast vision was better than that of the naked eye, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between 100% contrast visual acuity and uncorrected visual acuity of transport unit and fighter plane (P> 0.05) The visual acuity of contrast group was lower than that of normal eyes, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). With the contrast decreased, the visual acuity decreased, the reaction time prolonged. Under various contrasts, the helicopter unit had better visual acuity than the fighter unit, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05); there was no significant difference between the transport unit and other two groups (P> 0.05); 100%, 25% (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the reaction time between the transport unit and the other two groups at the contrast ratio of 10% and the reaction time of the helicopter at the three contrast levels (P <0.05) There was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). Conclusions The pilots of different types have no difference in visual acuity of the naked eye, but there are differences in visual acuity and reaction time under different contrasts of the normal background of the dark environment. The helicopters have better visual acuity and quick response than the fighter. The pilot’s low-contrast visual acuity test results can provide a reference for establishing the standard of visual acuity under different contrast.