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本文介绍了1994年ZS霍乱爆发流行特征,是建国以来流行最严重的一年,发病2,628例,发病率268.68/]O万,感染率为289.74/10万,死亡12例,城镇发病率高于农村,发病率分别为472.61/10万和188.72/10万,流行菌株优势种为小川1b。作者对传染源及流行因素作了分析,认为由内源性因素引起可能性较大,流行因素主要有:菌株变异与人群免疫水平变化、海岛居民不良饮食卫生习惯,小海水产品的可能污染以及台风暴雨影响等。提出了ZS口岸今后卫生检疫对策,应通过出入境货物监管、重点人群监测、外环境疫源检索,市场海水产品监测等手段来防止和控制霍乱的发生与流行。
This article describes the epidemic characteristics of the outbreak of cholera in 1994 and was the most prevalent year since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. The incidence was 2,628 cases, with an incidence rate of 268.68 million females, with an infection rate of 289.74 per 100 000 and 12 deaths. The urbanization rate was higher In rural areas, the incidence rates were 472.61 / 100000 and 188.72 / 100000, respectively. The predominant strains of epidemic strains were Ogawa 1b. The author analyzed the sources of infection and epidemic factors, which are considered to be more likely to be caused by endogenous factors. The main epidemic factors are: variation of strains and changes of population immunity, unfavorable diet and hygiene habits of island residents, possible pollution of small marine products and Typhoon heavy rain and so on. Proposed the future health and quarantine countermeasures of ZS port and should prevent and control the occurrence and prevalence of cholera through measures such as supervision of goods entering and leaving the country, monitoring of key populations, searching of external environmental sources and monitoring of marine products in the market.