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目的观测家犬心脏左心室的解剖结构,为比较解剖学积累资料。方法1.44 mol.L-1甲醛溶液固定新鲜家犬心脏45个,解剖并观测左心室结构。结果家犬心脏左心室呈圆锥形,位于心脏左下方,分为左心室流入道及流出道,其流入道主要结构为二尖瓣复合体,包括瓣环、瓣膜、腱索、乳头肌。二尖瓣环周径平均(49.16±10.00)mm。内侧瓣、外侧瓣的高度分别为(14.28±3.14)和(9.27±1.99)mm,宽度分别为(25.74±5.21)和(21.50±6.33)mm;腱索总数平均为(16.72±2.76)条,假腱索总数平均为(4.69±3.38)条,假腱索出现率为100%。左心室流出道主要结构为主动脉瓣环、主动脉瓣、主动脉窦。主动脉瓣环周径平均为(34.55±8.00)mm,左瓣高度、右瓣高度、后瓣高度分别为(6.85±1.76)、(7.19±1.75)和(7.52±1.79)mm,其宽度分别为(11.47±3.02)、(11.67±2.99)和(11.74±2.46)mm。结论家犬心脏左心室结构与人心相似,但大小及假腱索、腱索总数有一定差异。
Objective To observe the anatomy of the left ventricle in the dog heart, and to accumulate data for comparative anatomy. Methods Forty-five dogs were fixed in 1.44 mol·L-1 formaldehyde solution and the left ventricular structure was dissected and observed. Results The dog’s heart had a conical left ventricle, located in the left lower part of the heart. It was divided into left ventricular inflow tract and outflow tract. The main structure of inflow tract was mitral valve complex, including valve ring, valve, chordae and papillary muscle. Mitral annulus circumference average (49.16 ± 10.00) mm. The height of medial flap and lateral flap were (14.28 ± 3.14) mm and (9.27 ± 1.99) mm respectively, with widths of (25.74 ± 5.21) and (21.50 ± 6.33) mm respectively. The average number of chordae was (16.72 ± 2.76) The average number of false tendons was (4.69 ± 3.38), and the incidence of false tendons was 100%. Left ventricular outflow tract main structure of the aortic annulus, aortic valve, aortic sinus. The average diameter of the aortic annulus was (34.55 ± 8.00) mm, and the left lobe height, right lobe height and posterior lobe height were (6.85 ± 1.76), (7.19 ± 1.75) and (7.52 ± 1.79) mm, respectively (11.47 ± 3.02), (11.67 ± 2.99) and (11.74 ± 2.46) mm respectively. Conclusion The left ventricular structure of domestic dogs is similar to that of the human heart, but there are some differences in the size, the number of false tendons and the number of tendons.