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为了解1年生桢楠(Phoebe zhennan)幼苗的最佳施肥量以及施肥种类,同时也为桢楠的养分管理提供技术参考及理论依据,以1年桢楠实生苗为材料,采用盆栽试验,选用复合肥(Compound fertilizer,CF)、油枯(Oil cake,OC)和鸭粪(Duck manure,DM)3种肥料,依据年施氮(N)量(纯氮)设置7个水平,分别为0(N0)、150(N1)、300(N2)、450(N3)、600(N4)、750(N5)、900(N6)mg/株,于2014年6、8、10月分3次施入各处理营养袋中,测定桢楠苗在一年中的速生期(8月)和生长滞缓期(11月)叶片的光合生理和养分指标,探讨不同肥料种类及施氮水平对桢楠当年生幼苗生长及生理特性的影响.结果显示:(1)CF、OC及DM处理下的株高和地径总生长量分别在N3、N4、N5水平下达到最大值,且分别较N0高66.4%、225.4%、247.4%和85.2%、95.6%、148.3%.3种肥料中,施用DM对桢楠幼苗生长的促进作用最好,OC次之,CF最差;在各个施N水平中,450-750 mg/株对桢楠幼苗生长的促进效果较好;(2)施肥可以促进桢楠幼苗叶片N含量增加,其中CF与OC降低了其生长滞缓期叶片磷(P)含量,而DM显著地增加了叶片P含量;(3)施肥,特别是DM和OC,可以促进桢楠幼苗叶绿素合成,提高光合速率,有效地提高了幼苗在强光照、高CO2浓度环境下的光合能力,这与施肥后桢楠幼苗叶片内有着较好的N/P值有关;(4)3种肥料均能不同程度地促进桢楠幼苗的苗高和地径,结合年施N量与当年生长末期的苗高、地径的二次函数拟合结果得出,CF、OC、DM对桢楠幼苗的最佳施N量范围分别为405-446、478-652、607-883 mg/株.总的来说,本研究中施N量607-883 mg/株的DM是最优施肥方案.
In order to understand the optimal fertilization rate and fertilization types of 1-year-old Phoebe zhennan seedlings, and also provide technical reference and theoretical basis for the nutrient management of Phoebe zhennan, 1-year-old seedlings of P. chinensis were used as materials, Three fertilizers, compound fertilizer (CF), oil cake (OC) and duck manure (DM), were set at seven levels according to annual nitrogen (N) content (pure nitrogen) (N0), 150 (N1), 300 (N2), 450 (N3), 600 (N4), 750 (N5) and 900 (N6) mg per plant in June, August and October 2014 Into each nutrition bag, the photosynthetic physiology and nutrition indexes of Chingnan seedlings in fast-growing (August) and slow-growing (November) leaves in one year were measured to investigate the effects of different fertilizer types and nitrogen application rates The results showed that: (1) The total growth of plant height and diameter under CF, OC and DM treatments reached the maximum at N3, N4 and N5 levels, respectively, and were 66.4 %, 225.4%, 247.4% and 85.2%, 95.6% and 148.3%, respectively. Among the three kinds of fertilizers, DM had the best effect on the growth of Pinus thunbergii seedlings. 450-750 mg / plant Zhennan seedlings (2) Fertilization could promote the increase of N content in C. chinensis seedlings, while the content of phosphorus (P) in leaves of C. chinensis seedling decreased with CF and OC, while DM significantly increased the content of P in leaves. (3) Fertilization, especially DM and OC, could promote the chlorophyll synthesis of Pinus thunbergii seedlings, increase the photosynthetic rate, and effectively improve the photosynthetic capacity of seedlings in the environment of high light and high CO2 concentration, which is better than that of the leaves after fertilization (4) The three kinds of fertilizers can all promote the seedling height and diameter of Pinus elliottii seedlings to varying degrees. Combining the quadratic function fitting of annual N amount with the seedling height and diameter at the end of growth The results showed that the optimal range of N application rates for CF, OC and DM were 405-446, 478-652 and 607-883 mg / L. In conclusion, the N application rate in this study was 607- 883 mg / plant DM is the optimal fertilization program.