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1977—1980年,应用放射性示踪技术进行了铺施麦秸对夏大豆效应的田间试验,结果如下:1.铺施麦秸条件下,大豆产量增加16.2%或22.1kg/亩。生物统计结果表明,在P_(0.05)水平下,L.S.D为±15.0%和±20.3kg/亩,属增产显著水平。2.大豆植株的根瘤数、根瘤重和它的固氮活性,在分枝—初花期间分别比对照增加39.2%、81.7%和20.0%。3.铺施麦秸19天后,CO_2释放量平均为5.60kg/亩/天,对照的为5.21kg/亩/天。这相当于每天每亩有2.98kg的麦秸被矿化,同时大豆植株的光合作用强度也增加。来自叶部的~(14)C光合物质在豆荚和根瘤中的增加量分别为30.1—70.5%和4.5倍。铺施麦秸使地上部和荚中的~(32)P数量比对照分别提高44.8%和22.1%。这些结果表明,铺施麦秸提高了大豆植株中营养物质的数量,从而为提高大豆籽粒产量奠定了物质基础。4.铺施麦秸条件下,土壤有机质平均每年增加0.06%,并约有土壤腐殖质总量20.8%的新生腐殖质是来自铺施的麦秸中,这对维持和提高土壤肥力起着有益的作用。
In 1977-1980, a field experiment was conducted on the effect of summer wheat on wheat straw by radioactive tracing technique. The results are as follows: 1. The yield of soybean increased 16.2% or 22.1 kg / mu under wheat straw application. The biometric results showed that the L.S.D was ± 15.0% and ± 20.3kg / mu at P_ (0.05) level, respectively, which was a significant increase in yield. The number of nodules, nodule weight and nitrogen fixation activity of soybean plants increased by 39.2%, 81.7% and 20.0%, respectively, compared with the control during branch-initial flowering. 3. After 19 days of application of wheat straw, the average amount of CO 2 released was 5.60 kg / mu / day and the control was 5.21 kg / mu / day. This is equivalent to 2.98 kg of wheat straw per mu per day being mineralized and at the same time the photosynthesis intensity of the soybean plants also increased. The amount of ~ (14) C photosynthetic substances from leaves was 30.1-70.5% and 4.5 times higher in pods and nodules, respectively. The amount of ~ (32) P in shoots and pods was increased by 44.8% and 22.1% respectively compared with the control when wheat straw was applied. These results show that the application of wheat straw increased the amount of nutrients in soybean plants, which laid the material foundation for the increase of soybean grain yield. Under the condition of applying wheat straw, soil organic matter increased 0.06% annually on average, and about 20.8% of the total amount of soil humus came from the wheat straw which was applied, which played a beneficial role in maintaining and improving soil fertility.