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所谓自然垄断行业,是指产品的自然属性和生产特点决定了必须对其攻击者的数量加以限制,才能形成和维持生产的经济规模的行业。在这些行业中,如果放任其供给者数量增加,就会使每一个供给者都无法达到经济规模,造成社会不经济。以专用线路轨道、管道为依托的火车、轻轨、地铁运输服务、机场服务、邮政、管道煤气、自来水、电力行业,以及某些职能有政府提供的带有垄断性质的服务,也有类似情况。从其经济规模来考虑,维持这些产品供给的自然垄断,即在同一地区或同一场合,只允许有一个供给者,是必要的、经济的。
The so-called natural monopoly industry refers to the nature of the product and the characteristics of the product determines the number of its attacker must be limited in order to form and maintain the economy of production scale of the industry. In these industries, if the number of suppliers allowed to go up is increased, each supplier will be unable to reach the scale of economy and cause social unjustness. There are similar situations in which monopolistic services provided by the government are trains, light rail, subway transport services, airport services, postal services, pipeline gas, water supply, power supply and power lines, which rely on dedicated track lines and pipelines. In view of its economic size, it is necessary and economical to allow the natural monopoly of the supply of these products, that is, to have only one supplier in the same area or in the same place.