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为解决微生物强化修复油污土壤过程中降解菌在低温环境下活性较低的问题,利用有机堆肥作为固体培养基对降解菌进行扩大培养,将获得的降解菌-堆肥制剂施入油污土壤中进行修复研究.利用重量法和GC-MS分析土壤中石油烃含量变化,利用Illumina Mi Seq对土壤微生物群落结构进行分析.结果表明,利用堆肥作为固体基质可对降解菌进行扩大培养.低温环境下利用堆肥-降解菌制剂对油污土壤修复30 d,土壤中石油烃、烷烃、多环芳烃去除率分别为27.0%、19.6%、10.0%;自然放置的土壤中3种烃去除率分别为4.5%、9.5%、2.3%.加入降解菌-堆肥制剂进行修复的土壤香农指数和Ace指数分别由4.42和1718.5增加为5.30和2170.5;土壤中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)所占丰度由53.4%和25.9%分别降低至48.9%和14.1%,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)所占丰度由5.0%增加至24.5%.属水平上,不动细菌属(Acinetobacter)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)所占丰度由0.02%和3.4%分别提高至15.2%和4.6%.研究结果表明,在低温条件下向石油污染土壤中施入降解菌-堆肥制剂可提高土壤中的石油烃去除率,并使土壤微生物群落结构发生明显变化.
In order to solve the problem of low activity of degrading bacteria in the process of remediation of oily soil by microorganism in low temperature environment, the organic fertilizer was used as a solid medium to expand and culture the degrading bacteria, and the obtained degrading bacteria - compost preparation was applied to oily soil for remediation The analysis of soil microbial community structure by Illumina Mi Seq showed that the use of compost as a solid substrate could expand the culture of degrading bacteria.Using composting- The removal rates of petroleum hydrocarbons, alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were 27.0%, 19.6% and 10.0% respectively in the soil after 30 days of remediation of oil-contaminated soil. The removal rates of three kinds of hydrocarbons in natural soil were 4.5% and 9.5% 2.3%, respectively. The soil Shannon index and Ace index increased from 4.42 and 1718.5 to 5.30 and 2170.5, respectively. The abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in soil increased from 53.4% and 25.9%, respectively, decreased to 48.9% and 14.1%, while the abundance of Bacteroidetes increased from 5.0% to 24.5% netobacter and Pseudomonas were increased from 0.02% and 3.4% to 15.2% and 4.6% respectively.The results showed that the biodegradation bacteria-composting agent was applied to petroleum-contaminated soils at low temperature It can increase the removal rate of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil and change the structure of soil microbial community obviously.