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视知觉学习是指通过特定的视知觉任务训练使视觉系统对外界信息感知能力显著提高的方法。视知觉学习具有相对特异性、相对迁移性以及时间属性，在弱视、斜视等眼病的临床治疗方面具有良好的效果，近年来在视功能检查和改善方面也有新的应用。同时，随着功能性磁共振成像技术的运用，关于视知觉学习的脑区探索也已取得新的进展。现笔者对视知觉学习的发展历程、神经机制、学习方法、功能应用以及影响因素进行综述。“,”Visual perceptual learning is a method to improve the perceptual ability of the visual system to process external information through specific visual perceptual task training. Visual perceptual learning has relative specificity, migration and time-related aspects, which makes it effective in treating amblyopia, strabismus and other eye diseases. In recent years, new applications of visual perceptual learning have been developed for examining and promoting visual function. Meanwhile, with the application of functional magnetic resonance imaging technology, new progress has also been made in exploring brain regions of visual perceptual learning. The development, neural mechanism, learning method, functional application and influencing factors of visual perceptual learning are reviewed in this article.