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The BF3/n-BuOH complexes were investigated as active species in catalyzing n-decene polymerization reaction. The structures of BF3/n-BuOH complexes were characterized not only by mod spectrum but also by calcula-tion at theoretical level. The results confirmed that BF3/n-BuOH complexes changed from BF3·(n-BuOH)2 com-plexes to BF3·n-BuOH complexes with the mass fraction of BF3 increasing. These two complexes have different catalytic activity, but BF3·n-BuOH was superior. The highest n-decene conversion could reach 99%and the most excellent selectivity of n-decene trimer and tetramer could reach up to 80%yield by a series of controlled conditions. This work can help to understand the catalytic active species of n-decene polymerization and provide support for industrialization of poly-alpha-olefins (PAOs).