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遵照邓小平同志关于“吸收和借鉴当今世界各国包括发达资本主义国家一切反映现代化生产规律的先进经营方式、管理方法”的思想,本文针对西方市场经济运作中“三种”成功的做法进行剖析,以期从中学些有益的东西。 一、产权界定明晰化 任何一种市场经济的运作,其前提是产权界定明晰化。所谓“产权”,其内容是指行动体对资源的使用权与转让权,以及收入的享用权。它的实质是指权利给予不同的行动对象。西方国家的企业,都是实行所有权与经营权分开的。例如,美国大资本家杰·普·摩根早在1892年买下了拥有资产400亿美元、职工35万人的通用电器公司,当时就实行了“两权分离”,采用了四级管理办法。又如,战后的日本,完全改变了战前那种凭持股份多寡来瓜分企业领导权的现象,实行“所有者与
In accordance with Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s thought of “absorb and learn from all the advanced management methods and management methods that reflect modern production laws in all countries in the world today, including developed capitalist countries”, this paper analyzes the “three” successful practices in Western market economy operations. Learn some useful things from the middle school. I. Definition of Property Rights Definition The operation of any type of market economy is predicated on the clear definition of property rights. The so-called “property rights” refers to the actor’s right to use and transfer of resources, and the right to enjoy income. Its essence refers to the rights given to different actors. Enterprises in Western countries are separated from ownership by ownership. For example, the American capitalist Jay P. Morgan bought General Electric Co., which had assets of 40 billion U.S. dollars and employed 350,000 people as early as 1892. At that time, it implemented the “Separation of Two Rights” and adopted a four-level management method. In another example, post-war Japan completely changed the pre-war phenomenon of splitting corporate leadership by holding a small number of shares.