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在引力实验、重力测量和地球固体潮汐检测等领域,由于所要探测的信号极其微弱以及对实验结果精度有相当高的要求,必须设法克服各种外界干扰因素的影响。温度变化是其中的重要影响因素之一。因此,有条件的实验室和工作台站均建造在隔热及温控条件非常好的地下室或温度非常稳定的山洞之中。即使如此,仍需要对实验所处环境的温度变化特别是周日变化进行精确测量,这对于提高实验结果的精度和置信水平具有相当重要的意义。 温度传感器种类很多,常用的有石英温度计、光纤传感温度计、热敏电阻温度计等。石英温度计的基本原理就是利用石英晶体的谐振频率随温度变化而改变的特性来进行温度传感;光纤传感温度计是利用温度的变化改变弯曲光纤的曲率半径,从而改变光纤的模数以及输出光强进行温度传感;热敏电阻温度计则是利用热敏电阻元件的负温度系数特性并配置适当的电路来检测温度的变化。在上述几种方法中,灵敏度最高的属石英温度计,目前可达到10~(-4)℃数量级。
In the fields of gravitation experiments, gravimetry and earth tide detection, due to the extremely weak signal to be detected and the high accuracy of experimental results, we must try to overcome the influence of various external disturbances. Temperature change is one of the important influencing factors. As a result, conditional laboratories and workstations are built in well-insulated basement or very well-tempered caves. Even so, it is still necessary to accurately measure the temperature changes in the experimental environment, especially the changes in the sun. This is of great significance for improving the accuracy and confidence level of experimental results. Many types of temperature sensors, commonly used quartz thermometer, fiber optic sensing thermometer, thermistor thermometer. The basic principle of quartz thermometer is the use of quartz crystal resonant frequency changes with temperature changes in the characteristics of temperature sensing; fiber optic sensing thermometer is the use of temperature changes in bending the radius of curvature of the optical fiber, thereby changing the optical fiber modulus and output light Strong temperature sensing; thermistor thermometer is the use of negative temperature coefficient of thermistor components and the characteristics of the appropriate circuit configuration to detect changes in temperature. In the above methods, the most sensitive quartz thermometer, up to now 10 ~ (-4) ℃ order of magnitude.