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为探索黄土高原旱地覆盖栽培模式下糜子田土壤蓄水保墒和节水增产效果,于2011—2013年连续3个糜子生长季在陕西横山县小杂粮试验示范基地,研究了不同覆盖栽培方式对农田土壤水分、糜子生长发育、光合特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响.试验设置4种覆盖栽培处理,分别是“W”垄覆地膜+垄间覆秸秆(SG)、垄覆地膜+垄间覆秸秆(LM)、双垄面覆地膜+垄间覆秸秆(QM)、秸秆覆盖(JG)处理,以传统平作无覆盖(CK)为对照.结果表明:各覆盖处理均较CK显著提高了糜子各生育期0~100 cm土层土壤含水量,其中以SG处理蓄水保墒效果最好,其次依次为LM、QM和JG处理,且各覆盖处理间差异达到显著水平.在各覆盖处理中,SG处理对糜子生长发育和光合能力的影响最大,增产效果最显著,3年平均产量和水分利用效率分别较CK提高55.9%和64.9%,其中各覆盖处理之间差异达到显著水平.因此,“W”垄覆地膜垄间覆秸秆的二元沟垄集雨覆盖种植模式提高糜子产量和水分利用效率的效果最为明显,适宜在黄土高原旱地糜子生产中应用和推广.
In order to explore the effects of water storage and soil conservation and water saving and soil moisture conservation on the soil under mulched-field cultivation in the semi-arid area of Loess Plateau, three continuous growth stages of millet were conducted in Xiaoshan District, Shaanxi Province in 2011-2013. The effects of different mulching cultivation methods on farmland Soil moisture, millet growth and development, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and water use efficiency.The four kinds of cover cultivation treatments were set up, namely “W” ridge cover film + Straw mulching (LM), mulching double mulching film + QM mulching, and straw mulching (JG) were used as the control.The results showed that all the mulching treatments were significantly higher than CK The soil water content of 0 ~ 100 cm soil layer of each stage of the growth stage of P. miltiorrhiza was the best, of which SG was the best, followed by LM, QM and JG treatments, and the differences among the treatments reached significant levels. , SG had the most significant effect on the growth and photosynthesis ability of P. millet, with the most significant increase in yield. The average yield and water use efficiency of three years were 55.9% and 64.9% higher than that of CK, respectively, and the differences among treatments were significant , “W ” ridge Straw-membrane overlying ridge binary Furrow cover planting pattern pearl millet yields improved water use efficiency and most obvious effect, suitable for application in the production and marketing dry miliaceum Plateau.