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目的了解乌鲁木齐市吸毒人群艾滋病病毒(HIV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)和梅毒螺旋体(TP)及其合并感染状况与其高危行为,为制定有效可行的防控策略提供依据。方法按照《全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案》,2010-2014年对乌鲁木齐市某区吸毒人群进行监测,收集其人口学特征、艾滋病防治知识知晓情况、感染情况(包括HIV、HCV、梅毒)及其高危因素。结果共监测吸毒者1 725例,男女比为34∶1;以汉族(45.5%)与维吾尔族(39.0%)居多;其艾滋病相关知识知晓率保持较高水平(98.8%)。HIV、HCV、梅毒平均检出率分别为13.0%、43.2%和2.5%;2010-2014年单独HCV感染、HCV及其合并感染率明显不同(χ~2=153.2,P<0.001;χ~2=203.4,P<0.001),HCV及其合并感染率最高为2012年的67.5%,最低为2014年的24.5%;2010-2014年注射兼并共用针具比例仍较高,达31.4%;安全套利用率不高,一般在50%以下。注射吸毒兼共用针具者更易发生HCV及其合并感染。结论乌鲁木齐市吸毒人群HCV及其合并感染最为严重;HIV及其合并感染仍较严重,与其高知晓率严重偏离;而5年间梅毒及其合并感染状况保持恒定。
Objective To understand the HIV, HCV and TP infection, and the high risk behaviors among drug users in Urumqi and to provide basis for effective and feasible prevention and control strategies. Methods According to the “National Implementation Plan for Sendicional Monitoring of AIDS,” from 2010 to 2014, drug users in a certain district of Urumqi were monitored to collect demographic characteristics, knowledge of AIDS prevention and control, infection status (including HIV, HCV and syphilis) and their High risk factors. Results A total of 1 725 drug addicts were monitored. The ratio of men to women was 34:1. Han (45.5%) and Uyghur (39.0%) were the majority. HIV / AIDS-related knowledge was maintained at a high level (98.8%). The average detection rates of HIV, HCV and syphilis were 13.0%, 43.2% and 2.5% respectively. The infection rates of HCV and HCV between 2010 and 2014 were significantly different (χ ~ 2 = 153.2, P <0.001; χ ~ 2 = 203.4, P <0.001). The highest HCV infection rate was 67.5% in 2012 and the lowest was 24.5% in 2014. The proportion of injecting and merging needle in 2010-2014 was still high at 31.4%. Condom use Rate is not high, generally below 50%. Both injecting drug users and sharing needles are more likely to develop HCV and its co-infection. Conclusions HCV and its co-infection were the most serious among drug users in Urumqi. HIV and its co-infection were still serious, which were seriously deviated from their high awareness rate. However, the prevalence of syphilis and co-infection remained constant in 5 years.