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航空和宇宙航行是現代科学技术的重大成就。可是,飞行倒不是人类所首創。在大自然中,早就有形形色色的“飞行家”。正是在它們的启示下,人类才能发明从气球到宇宙飞船的各种飞行器。不仅是航空业誕生的初期,就是在宇宙飞船上了天的今天,深入研究这些大自然的“飞行家”,仍然可以給我們带来許多教益。在这些“飞行家’中,最引人注目的显然是鳥类。飞机的发明,公认是与人类羡慕鳥类的飞行有关。“青出于藍而胜于藍”,在飞行的主要指标上,人类早忆超过鳥类。从1912年起,飞机的航速就超过了飞得最快的鳥——雨燕,它能以每小时110公里的速度飞行。从1910年起,飞机就比能在七千米高空飞行的西藏鬍兀鹫(大胡子雕)、秃鹫(坐山雕)飞得更高,从1924年起,飞机的航程就超过了鳥类远飞冠軍——金鴴(金鶔);在順利情况下,金鴴能不着陆飞行四千公里。至于今天的宇宙飞行器,就連《庄子·逍遙游》中想象的大鵬也膛乎其后了。
Aviation and space navigation are major achievements of modern science and technology. However, flying was not the first of its kind. In nature, there have long been various “flyers”. It is with their enlightenment that humans can invent a variety of aircraft, from balloons to spacecraft. Not only the early days of the aviation industry, but also the days of the spacecraft, studying these “flighters” of nature can still bring us many lessons. Among these “flyers”, the most noticeable is obviously the birds. The invention of the aircraft was generally acknowledged to be related to the envy of humans on the flight of birds. “Blue is better than blue,” and the main indicators of flight are humans. Recalling more than birds, since 1912, the speed of the aircraft has surpassed that of the fastest flying bird, the Swift, which can fly at a speed of 110 kilometers per hour. The high-flying Tibetan mongooses (Big Bearded Eagle) and vultures (mountain eagles) flew higher. From 1924 onwards, the voyage of the aircraft exceeded that of the bird’s distant flying champion—Jinyu (Jinlan); Under the circumstances, Jin Hao can fly 4,000 kilometers without landing. As for the spacecraft of today, even Dapeng in the imagination of Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tournament is also behind.