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[摘要]
在近几年的高考中，关系副词where引导的定语从句一直是一个重要考点，其中一些先行词不同于一般的地点名词，但也要用关系副词Where引导定语从句又是一个难点，本文就此进行了一些总结，供大家参考。
[关键词]关系副词where 抽象地点名词 先行词 定语从句 判断方法
一般来说，当定语从句的先行词是表示具体地点名词时，其引导词用关系副词where。但很多情况下，where所指代的先行词并不表示一个具体的地点，这时对关系词的选择很容易造成误选。
一、下面就几种情况示例说明一下：
1.定语从句的先行词是point
You reach a point where medicine can’thelp.你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。
The crisis has reached a point where the re—ceiver will have to be called in.危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。
We have reached a point where a change isneeded.我们到了必须改一改的地步。
2.定语从句的先行词是case
There are cases where the word“”mighty”isused as aIl adverb.在一些情况下，mi曲ty一词可用作副词。
today,we’U discuss a number of casesswhere beginners of English fail to use the lan—guage properly.今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题
3.定语从句的先行词是activity
Those successful deaf dancers think thatdancing is an activi够where sight matters aremorethanhearing.那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。
4.定语从句的先行词是situation
He got into a situation where it is hard todecide what is right and wrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。
If you risk something important，you causeit to be in a dangerous situa tion where you mightlose it.你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。
5.定语从句的先行词是position
It’s put me in a position where I can’t af-ford to take the job.这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。
6.定语从句的先行词是relationship
Remember that the best relationship is onewhere your love for each other is great.要记住：人与人之间关爱的这种关系才是最好的关系。
从上面六组例句中，我们可以发现，即使先行词不是表示地点的名词，定语从句也能够用关系副词where来引导。
其例句中的特殊先行词一般可这样理解：point“达到……程度”，case“在……情形之下”，activity“在……活动范围中”，situation“在……境地”，position“在……情况下或在……境地”，relationship“在……关系中”。
二、判断是否使用where来引导定语从句
那么在先行词不表示地点的情况下，如何判断是否使用where来引导定语从句?由上文给出的例句可知，含有抽象地点意义的名词能用关系副词where来引导，并且在每个例句中“定语从句不缺主语和宾语,where在从句中充当的是状语”。由此，当先行词不表示地点时，使用where引导定语从句可这样判断：
首先，判断定语从句的结构：定语从句应该不缺少主语和宾语，而是缺少状语。
其次，观察先行词：先行词是除了时间名词(在这种情况下会用when)和原因名词(在这种情况下会用why)以外的其他任何名词。第二个条件之所以成立，是因为定语从句中的状语成分一般就是由when、where和why等三个引导词来引导的。
再如：English is a“fixed-word-order”lan-guage where each phrase has a fixed position.句意是：英语是一种“词序固定”的语言，这种语言的特点就是每个短语都有固定的位置。
首先，我们来判断定语从句“each phrasehas a fixed position”的结构：该从句并不缺少主语和宾语，但是缺少状语。其次，我们来看先行词：先行词是fixed-word-order language，它既不表示时间，也不表示原因。由此可知，此处用where来指代先行词，表示“在‘词序固定’这样的语言中”。
可见，用关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词可以是表示具体地点的名词，也可能是含有抽象地点意义的名词。下面是一些考例供大家巩固练习。
1. We’ re just trying to reach a point_________bothsides will sit down together and talk. (2006山东)
A. where
B. that
C. when
D. which
2. After graduation she reached a point in her ca-reer_________she she needed to decide what to do.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. where
3. Those successful deaf dancers think that dan-cing is an activity_________sight matters more than hear-ing.
A. when
B. whose
C. which
D. where
4. today, wc will discuss a number cases_________beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
A. which
B. as
C. why
D. where
5. Later in this chapter cases will be introducedto readers_________consumer complaints have resultedin changes in the law.
A. where B. when
C. who
D. which
6. It’ s helpful to put children in a situation_________they can scc themselves differently.
A. that
B. when
C. which D. wher
7. What do you think of teaching, Bob.
—I think it fun and challenging. It is a job_________you arc doing something serious but interest-ing.
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. that
8. She’ ll never forget her stay there_________shefound her son who had gone missing two years before.
A. that
B. which " C. where
D. when
9. I have reached a point in my life_________I amsupposed to make decisions of my own.
A. which
B. where
C. how
D. why
在近几年的高考中，关系副词where引导的定语从句一直是一个重要考点，其中一些先行词不同于一般的地点名词，但也要用关系副词Where引导定语从句又是一个难点，本文就此进行了一些总结，供大家参考。
[关键词]关系副词where 抽象地点名词 先行词 定语从句 判断方法
一般来说，当定语从句的先行词是表示具体地点名词时，其引导词用关系副词where。但很多情况下，where所指代的先行词并不表示一个具体的地点，这时对关系词的选择很容易造成误选。
一、下面就几种情况示例说明一下：
1.定语从句的先行词是point
You reach a point where medicine can’thelp.你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。
The crisis has reached a point where the re—ceiver will have to be called in.危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。
We have reached a point where a change isneeded.我们到了必须改一改的地步。
2.定语从句的先行词是case
There are cases where the word“”mighty”isused as aIl adverb.在一些情况下，mi曲ty一词可用作副词。
today,we’U discuss a number of casesswhere beginners of English fail to use the lan—guage properly.今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题
3.定语从句的先行词是activity
Those successful deaf dancers think thatdancing is an activi够where sight matters aremorethanhearing.那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。
4.定语从句的先行词是situation
He got into a situation where it is hard todecide what is right and wrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。
If you risk something important，you causeit to be in a dangerous situa tion where you mightlose it.你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。
5.定语从句的先行词是position
It’s put me in a position where I can’t af-ford to take the job.这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。
6.定语从句的先行词是relationship
Remember that the best relationship is onewhere your love for each other is great.要记住：人与人之间关爱的这种关系才是最好的关系。
从上面六组例句中，我们可以发现，即使先行词不是表示地点的名词，定语从句也能够用关系副词where来引导。
其例句中的特殊先行词一般可这样理解：point“达到……程度”，case“在……情形之下”，activity“在……活动范围中”，situation“在……境地”，position“在……情况下或在……境地”，relationship“在……关系中”。
二、判断是否使用where来引导定语从句
那么在先行词不表示地点的情况下，如何判断是否使用where来引导定语从句?由上文给出的例句可知，含有抽象地点意义的名词能用关系副词where来引导，并且在每个例句中“定语从句不缺主语和宾语,where在从句中充当的是状语”。由此，当先行词不表示地点时，使用where引导定语从句可这样判断：
首先，判断定语从句的结构：定语从句应该不缺少主语和宾语，而是缺少状语。
其次，观察先行词：先行词是除了时间名词(在这种情况下会用when)和原因名词(在这种情况下会用why)以外的其他任何名词。第二个条件之所以成立，是因为定语从句中的状语成分一般就是由when、where和why等三个引导词来引导的。
再如：English is a“fixed-word-order”lan-guage where each phrase has a fixed position.句意是：英语是一种“词序固定”的语言，这种语言的特点就是每个短语都有固定的位置。
首先，我们来判断定语从句“each phrasehas a fixed position”的结构：该从句并不缺少主语和宾语，但是缺少状语。其次，我们来看先行词：先行词是fixed-word-order language，它既不表示时间，也不表示原因。由此可知，此处用where来指代先行词，表示“在‘词序固定’这样的语言中”。
可见，用关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词可以是表示具体地点的名词，也可能是含有抽象地点意义的名词。下面是一些考例供大家巩固练习。
1. We’ re just trying to reach a point_________bothsides will sit down together and talk. (2006山东)
A. where
B. that
C. when
D. which
2. After graduation she reached a point in her ca-reer_________she she needed to decide what to do.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. where
3. Those successful deaf dancers think that dan-cing is an activity_________sight matters more than hear-ing.
A. when
B. whose
C. which
D. where
4. today, wc will discuss a number cases_________beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
A. which
B. as
C. why
D. where
5. Later in this chapter cases will be introducedto readers_________consumer complaints have resultedin changes in the law.
A. where B. when
C. who
D. which
6. It’ s helpful to put children in a situation_________they can scc themselves differently.
A. that
B. when
C. which D. wher
7. What do you think of teaching, Bob.
—I think it fun and challenging. It is a job_________you arc doing something serious but interest-ing.
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. that
8. She’ ll never forget her stay there_________shefound her son who had gone missing two years before.
A. that
B. which " C. where
D. when
9. I have reached a point in my life_________I amsupposed to make decisions of my own.
A. which
B. where
C. how
D. why