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基于波场延拓的叠前深度偏移是实现复杂构造地质体成像的最可靠方法,但存在着计算量大、对观测系统适应性差等缺点。面炮偏移是波动方程实现精确叠前成像的另一类方法,具有较高的计算效率,不存在偏移孔径问题,而且可以通过控制照明方法,解决平面波在目标区域的能量补偿问题。本文采用面炮成像技术进行叠前深度偏移成像,通过对面炮震源下行波场的质量控制以及射线参数的个数和范围的选取,以达到最佳的成像效果。采用不同深度点上的控制照明技术,较大地提高了目标地层的成像精度。数据实验表明面炮成像技术是一种快速有效的方法,其成像精度与单平方根算子的共炮点道集偏移和双平方根算子的共中心点道集偏移相当,但在计算速度上要快得多,而且易于并行计算。
The prestack depth migration based on wave field continuation is the most reliable method to realize complex structure geological body imaging. However, there are some shortcomings such as large amount of calculation and poor adaptability to observation system. Surface cannon offset is another kind of method for accurate pre-stack imaging of wave equation. It has higher computational efficiency and does not have the problem of offset aperture. It can also solve the energy compensation problem of plane wave in the target area by controlling the illumination method. In this paper, pre-stack depth migration imaging was carried out using the surface gun imaging technique. The quality of the down-going wavefield and the selection of the number and range of the ray parameters were obtained in order to achieve the best imaging results. The control lighting technology at different depth points greatly improves the imaging accuracy of the target formation. Data experiments show that the surface gun imaging technology is a fast and effective method, the imaging accuracy is the same as that of the common square gating offset of the single square root operator and the center point gathers offset of the double square root operator. However, Much faster and easier to calculate in parallel.