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过去讲电工学,只讲到有导体(金属)和绝缘体两类物质。导体是用来输送电的,因为它的电导率很高;绝缘体是用来隔离电的,因为它的电导率非常低,电几乎不能从它里面通过。近二十多年来,电工学里面又添加了一类名叫‘半导体”的物质。从它的名字就可以知道:半导体是电导率介於金属和绝缘体之间的一类物质。从电导率的高低,我们是可以区别金属、半导体和绝缘体的。但是这仅仅是量的区别而已。金属和半导体之间还存在着质的区别,而且正是这些质的区别使得半导体拥有了广泛的
In the past, I talked about electrotechnics and only talked about conductors (metals) and insulators. The conductor is used to deliver electricity because of its high electrical conductivity; the insulator is used to isolate the electricity because its conductivity is very low and electricity can hardly pass through it. In the past two decades, electrical engineering has added a class of substances called “semiconductors.” From its name, it can be known that semiconductors are a class of substances whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between metals and insulators. We can distinguish between metals, semiconductors, and insulators, but this is only a difference in quantity. There is a qualitative difference between metals and semiconductors, and it is these qualitative differences that make semiconductors have a wide range of