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肿瘤细胞致死性人α-乳清蛋白(humanα-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells,HAMLET)是人α-乳清蛋白与油酸结合后改变自身三级结构而形成的脂蛋白复合物,能够选择性杀伤肿瘤细胞,而对正常细胞几乎无影响。HAMLET杀伤肿瘤细胞的机制目前还未完全明确。早期研究显示,HAMLET通过细胞凋亡机制杀伤肿瘤细胞;进一步研究发现,HAMLET并不主要依赖凋亡,而是通过细胞自噬、内质网应激、蛋白酶体、溶酶体、组蛋白和DAN等多种途径杀伤肿瘤细胞。HAMLET对皮肤乳头状瘤、膀胱癌局部用药的抗肿瘤临床试验已取得良好的效果,它很可能成为具有良好应用前景的绿色抗肿瘤新药。
Human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (HAMLET) is a lipoprotein complex formed by altering the tertiary structure of human α-lactalbumin after binding with oleic acid, Tumor cells kill, while almost no effect on normal cells. HAMLET tumor cell killing mechanism is not yet fully clear. Earlier studies showed that HAMLET can kill tumor cells through the mechanism of apoptosis. Further studies showed that HAMLET does not mainly depend on apoptosis, but through cell autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, proteasome, lysosome, histone and DAN A variety of ways to kill tumor cells. HAMLET on the skin of papilloma, bladder cancer topical anti-tumor clinical trials have achieved good results, it is likely to become a promising green anti-tumor drug.